The ability to shed an appendage occurs in both vertebrates and invertebrates, often as a tactic to avoid predation. The tails of lizards, unlike most autotomized body parts of animals, exhibit complex and vigorous movements once disconnected from the body. Despite the near ubiquity of autotomy across groups of lizards and the fact that this is an extraordinary event involving the self-severing...

light is never being distributed homogeneously and it forms a gradient over biomass. the unidirectional nature of light gives rise to a vertical gradient of light intensity as a function of depth. the maximum depth of the light zone suitable for phytoplankton photosynthesis is designated as the euphotic depth. this study was designed to test the hypothesis of mixing depth of phytoplankton and i...

formation of hydraulic jump is necessary for dissipation of the excess kinetic energy downstream of spillways and gates. hydraulic jump stilling basins of sudden expansion are one of the energy dissipater structures which are used where the available tail water depth is less than the required sequent depths. in the present study to further reduce the hydraulic jump sequent depths ratio, a rough...

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration transients and can be used as a cosmological probe. However, the dispersion measure (DM) contributed by intergalactic medium (IGM) is hard to distinguish from other components. In this paper, we use IllustrisTNG simulation realistically estimate DMIGM up z ? 9. We find pc cm?3 at = 1. The probability distribution of well fitted quasi-Gaussian fu...

The jet morphology of square and circular cross-section shaped charge with same inscribed circle diameter were observed by conducting an X-ray experiment. Depth-of-penetration tests at standoffs 80 160 mm also carried out. formation was studied using AUTODYN software. results showed that the consists a condensed part non-condensed part. has similar characteristics to corresponding charge. And i...

objective: it has been shown that silybum marianum or its extracts have hepatoprotective, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. nitric oxide (no) plays an important role in neurotransmission, neuroprotection, neurotoxicity and pathological pain, as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the central nervous system. therefore, this experiment was performed in orde...