talking about ego, in the sufis’ works, two terms of “endeavor” and “austerity” have been sometimes used focused on each other and sometimes alone. did they have similar definitions and positions in sufis’ opinion or had they been different from each other? we claim that “endeavor” and “austerity” had had different positions and of course different definitions in old texts.  it was made clear, ...

This research is directed toward transforming a speech signal into a new speechlike signal that is perceived as identical to the original signal in all respects except that it is articulated at a rate different from that of the original speech. Such a technique is of interest in a variety of applications including learning a second language, developing talking books for the blind, generation of...