Providing clean and affordable water to meet human needs is a grand challenge of the 21st century. Worldwide, water supply struggles to keep up with the fast growing demand, which is exacerbated by population growth, global climate change, and water quality deterioration. The need for technological innovation to enable integrated water management cannot be overstated. Nanotechnology holds great...

This paper develops a model of economic growth and activity locating endogenously on a 3dimensional featureless global geography. The same economic forces influence simultaneously growth, convergence, and spatial agglomeration and clustering. Economic activity is not concentrated on discrete isolated points but instead a dynamically-fluctuating, smooth spatial distribution. Spatial inequality i...

This paper examines the issue of the gap in access to telecommunications known as the digital divide and its linkages to economic growth in the context of the Caribbean. In particular, it seeks to ascertain how the adoption of computer and Internet technology can enhance the growth prospects for Caribbean countries, and thereby have a significant impact on the reduction of poverty in the region...

The stochastic frontier production model is one of the most used ways to estimate efficiency and productivity. The purpose of this paper was to decompose the sources of total factor productivity (TFP) growth into technological progress, changes in technical efficiency and changes in economies of scale. In this paper, we also used Divisia index in order to estimate production function. A random ...

This paper investigates the tensions that exist in young and growing technology-based firms between (1) increasing technological opportunities for further growth and (2) the costs of developing these opportunities. Data from 70 medium-sized, young technology-based firms were used to test two hypotheses concerning changes in the number of separate fields of technical knowledge during growth. Inc...

Despite robust economic growth in the post-War era, there remain deep pockets of persistent poverty in the United States. We examine the origins of permanent income differences across counties using contemporaneous and historical Census data. Using a panel of U.S. counties from 1960 to 2000 and a long-difference dynamic panel-data estimator, we first test whether aggregate production technologi...

This paper presents an integrated view of economic growth, development traps, and economic geography. We explain why there is income convergence among some countries (neoclassical regime) and income divergence among others (poverty trap regime). Income convergence (divergence) and manufacturing industry di¤usion (agglomeration) are re-enforcing each other in a cumulative process. Moreover, trad...

the progress of higher education and scientific.- research in – iran has been noteworthy in recent years . the measures taken by iranian universities, specially teheran university, have been effective in promoting research work . however, compared with industrial achievements and economic growth rate of the country, this expansion seems to be sluggish and insufficient. renewed impetus to scient...