Technological innovationprocess startswith technical discovery of new things or newways of doing things, i.e., invention. With the commercialization of invention, the term, innovation, takes place instead of invention. The process ends with (duplicative and/or creative) imitation by competitors. It is expected that maximum profits can be achieved in the time interval from commercialization of i...

abstract in this paper an attempt is made to determine the most suitable agricultural commodities to be adopted for establishing a futures market in iran. two different approaches are adopted: the first involves identifying factors that contribute significantly to the success or failure of existing agricultural commodities futures contracts in established futures markets. the second involves si...

The current situation in Iran suggests an appropriate basis for developing biotechnology industries, because the patents for the majority of hi-tech medicines registered in developed countries are ending. Biosimilar and technology-oriented companies which do not have patents will have the opportunity to enter the biosimilar market and move toward innovative initiatives. The present research pro...

this study examined the knowledge and perception of farmers regarding privatization and commercialization of agricultural extension services in delta state, nigeria. a sample size of 90 farmers in contact with extension agents was randomly selected for the study. data for the study was collected through the use of a validated structured interview schedule. both descriptive and inferential stati...

in current century, success of organizations is dependent on the correct management of knowledge and also knowledge management (km) successful implementation relies on its critical success factors (csfs). identifying these critical factors can help businesses in planning and implementing knowledge management. hence, this study aims to propose a conceptual model with the csfs approach in order t...

Accelerators are a type of incubation program that are concerned with attracting, supporting and developing new ventures. Although there is significant enthusiasm for accelerators and their potential benefits, there is limited research on how their core capabilities can vary. In response, we develop a typology of accelerator capabilities taking into account their strategy, governance, business ...

Tobacco chloroplasts are ready to be tested as a platform for the expression of recombinant proteins on a commercial scale. They hold the promise of reproducible yields of 5-25% of total soluble cellular protein in leaves and reliability has been achieved through refinement of an expression toolkit that includes vectors, recently developed expression cassettes and systems for marker gene remova...

The field of BioNano/Micro System applies both nanotechnology and MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) to solve biological and medical problems as well as biological structures and principles to solve engineering MEMS problems. In this paper, some technical efforts to develop nanobiotechnology, focusing on nanobiosensor, microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip are briefly reviewed. In order to ensure ...