background: plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. sonography has been proposed for early and differential diagnosis of heel pain. materials and methods: the study was performed on patients with plantar fasciitis (n=40). after completing the demographic data, the pain intensity was measured using visual analogue scale (vas); foot and ankle function by foot and ankle ability me...

Fascia is a widely used yet indistinctly defined anatomical term that is concurrently applied to the description of soft collagenous connective tissue, distinct sections of membranous tissue, and a body pervading soft connective tissue system. Inconsistent use of this term is causing concern due to its potential to confuse technical communication about fascia in global, multiple discipline- and...

Lateral approach spine surgery provides effective interbody stabilization, and correction and indirect neural decompression with minimal-incision and less invasive surgery compared with conventional open anterior lumbar fusion. It may also avoid the trauma to paraspinal muscles or facet joints found with transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion and posterior lumbar interbody fusion. However, beca...

AIM Analysis of the pectoral fascia from a macroscopic and histological point of view. RESULTS The pectoral fascia appears as a thin collagen layer (mean thickness of 297 microm) formed by undulated collagen fibres and many elastic fibres, within which small nerves are highlighted. Numerous septa detach from its internal surface, creating an intimate connection between the fascia and the pect...

Fifteen unembalmed cadavers were dissected in order to study the "anatomical continuity" between the various muscles involved in the movement of flexion of the upper limb. This study demonstrated the existence of specific myofascial expansions, with a nearly constant pattern, which originate from the flexor muscles and extend to the overlying fascia. The clavicular part of the pectoralis major ...

Background: In 1991, Wright described a superior oblique expander procedure for browns syndrome and superior overaction with good results. Originally, this procedure has been performed with silicone band expander. The aim of this study was to report the results of treatment of a series of patients with A-pattern strabismus associated with overacting superior oblique muscle using the fascia lata...

Introduction: To demonstrate surgical techniques and to compare the anatomical and functional outcomes between temporalis fascia and cartilage palisade grafting in type-I underlay tympanoplasty in patients with large/subtotal perforation.Materials and Methods:Temporalis fascia and cartilage palisade grafting were conducted in Group A and Group B, respectively, each containing 30 patients with l...

Under infiltration anaesthesia a hockey-stick incision, about 4 in. long, is made I-5 cm. in front of the tragus (Fig. i). A skin flap is reflected forwards and downwards and the fascia covering the temporalis muscle is exposed. Two parallel and nearly vertical incisions, 2 in. long and 8 mm. apart, are made in the temporalis fascia; these are joined at the base by a horizontal incision. The ve...

Methods We report four patients operated in the last three years, for lesions of the ear, invading the post auricular skin and infiltrating into the scalp. On examination these ulcerating lesions had the clinical appearance of deeply infiltrating basal cell carcinoma. Surgery was performed under general anaesthesia. After resection was performed with 1 cm skin margins, down and including the te...