BACKGROUND In the UK, meeting the £ 20 billion efficiency challenge in the NHS requires new approaches to protect quality and improve productivity. In London, clinicians, people living with HIV and commissioners are collaborating to reduce the cost of antiretrovirals as part of the Quality Innovation Productivity and Prevention agenda. OBJECTIVES To describe how collaboration in antiretrovira...

Árpád Geréd and Alexandra Prodan discuss a recent case regarding the use of electronic signatures in procurement between jurisdictions. The failure to understand such details when tendering jurisdictions almost caused public tender worth € 3 billion fail. 
 Index words: Austria; Switzerland; signature requirements; qualified

The public transport reform discussion initiated in 1992 in the Netherlands ended in 2000 with the enactment of a new passenger transport law. According to this new law, about a third of public transport services will have to be tendered by regional authorities in the coming years. In the meantime, a few regional railway lines have been contracted or tendered and preparations are made to tender...