Plantar fasciitis is degenerative tendinosis of the plantar fascia. It is the most common cause of heel pain. It affects approximately 1 in 10 people in the world. The symptoms associated with plantar fasciitis are pain and tenderness on the inferior aspect of the calcaneum. Most of the cases respond to conservative treatment. The treatment options available are electrotherapy, manual therapy, ...

Increased physical fitness participation has been paralleled by increasedoveruse injuries such as insertional Achilles tendinosis (AT). Treatment has provided inconsistentresults. The use of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ECSWT) offers a new treatment consideration.The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of ECSWTon pain, function, range of motion (ROM), joint mobility and strengt...

BACKGROUND Tendon disorders are common problems in sports and are known to be difficult to treat. Only limited information is available concerning treatment of proximal hamstring tendinopathy. To the authors' knowledge, no histopathologic findings of proximal hamstring tendinosis have been published. HYPOTHESIS Surgery (semimembranosus tenotomy and exploration of the sciatic nerve) is an effe...

Elevated levels of the neurotransmitter glutamate and the presence of its receptor, N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor type 1 (NMDAR1), have been established in patients with tendinopathy, i.e. chronic tendon pain and degeneration. However, whether NMDAR1 is up- or down-regulated in tendinopathy and co-localized with glutamate is still unexplored. We hypothesize that an alteration in tissue expressi...

The loss of collagen organization is considered a hallmark histopathologic feature of tendinosis. At the cellular level, tenocytes have been shown to produce signal substances that were once thought to be restricted to neurons. One of the main neuropeptides implicated in tendinosis, substance P (SP), is known to influence collagen organization, particularly after injury. The aim of this study w...

Chronic groin pain is one the most complex conditions encountered in the field of sports medicine. Conservative treatment is long lasting and the result of treatment is often uncer- tain and symptom recurrences are common, which can be very frustrating for both the patient and the physician. The complex etiology and uncertainties during treatment of chronic groin pain is the reason why some aut...

Ultrasonography (US) is a helpful imaging tool in the evaluation of the musculoskeletal system. It has some advantages over the other imaging techniques, such as plain radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, represented by the non-invasiveness and multiplanar imaging capability, repeatability, lack of radiation burden, good patient acceptance, and relatively limited cos...

INTRODUCTION Achilles tendon disorders are a common entity in middle-aged active people. With increasing sports participation in the general population, the number of overuse injuries has increased1. Tendon disorders comprise 30 to 50% of all sports-related injuries and there is a lifetime risk of 52% in elite long-distance runners of suffering from an Achilles tendon injury2. Despite this high...