Surface tension at the surface-to-air interface is a physico-chemical property of liquid pharmaceutical formulations that are often overlooked. To determine if a trend between surface tension and route of administration exists, a suite of oral, nasal, and ophthalmic drug formulations were analyzed. The surface tension at the surface-to-air interface of the oral formulations studied were in or a...

In spite of the extensive studies that have been made in recent years on the structure and function of gills, especially in fish, little is known about the O2 tensions at different points along the exchange surface. Although the terminal water and blood tensions have been measured for a number of fish (Stevens & Randall, 1967; Piiper & Baumgarten-Schumann, 1967, 1968; Holeton, 1970; Garey, 1967...

Technology platform strategies offer a novel way to orchestrate a rich portfolio of contributions made by the many independent actors who form an ecosystem of heterogeneous complementors around a stable platform core. This form of organising has been successfully used in the smartphone, gaming, commercial software, and other industrial sectors. While technology ecosystems require stability and ...

The carbon dioxide tension of oxygenated mixed venous blood has long been used, in normal individuals and frequently in subjects with various forms of disease, in the determination of cardiac output according to the Fick principle. The method of rebreathing mixtures of CO2 and oxygen, for establishing equilibrium between the CO2 tensions of the lungs and the incoming venous blood, and at the sa...

Methods. Proliferating human RPE cells were exposed to varying concentrations of exogenous basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) or epidermal growth factor (EGF) at different media oxygen tensions (16 to 147 mm Hg) and cell counts determined after 4 days. Receptor expression was determined by affinity cross-linking and saturation binding studies on confluent RPE cultures exposed to varying medi...

We consider a variational model describing the shape of liquid drops and crystals under the influence of gravity, resting on a horizontal surface. Making use of anisotropic symmetrization techniques, we establish existence, convexity and symmetry of minimizers for a class of surface tensions admissible to the symmetrization procedure. In the case of smooth surface tensions, we obtain uniqueness...

AMONG THE PROBLEMS presented by the chronic uraemie patient, the anaesthetist is particularly concerned with anaemia, a-3 acid-base and electrolyte upsets, and impaired renal excretion of drugs. When such patients are on chronic haemodialysis programs, they frequently present for surgical creation or revision of arteriovenous shunts and fistulae. Usually, these procedures are done under local o...

Business model innovation for sustainability (BMIfS) has recently seen a surge in academia and practice. This article introduces an ordonomic BMIfS meta-framework to further stimulate the growing research interest on how available approaches tensions can be purposefully reconciled improve management of BMIfS. The proposes opportunity mediate between normative desiderata integrative ‘practical’ ...