The residual activity of permethrin on the canvas of an experimental tent, used by nomadic refugees in a malarious area in northern Pakistan, was assessed. A permethrin emulsion sprayed on the inner sheet of a pitched double-fly tent (0.5 g/m2) had an effective residue for at least 6 months in bioassays using the local malaria vectors, Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles culcifacies. However, a h...

Tetanus is caused by the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), a 150 kDa single polypeptide molecule which is cleaved into an active two-chain molecule composed of a 50 kDa N-terminal light (L) and a 100 kDa C-terminal heavy (H) chains. Recently, extensive effort has focused on characterization of TeNT binding receptors and toxin neutralization by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Toxin binding inhibition and...

Light is a powerful entrainer of circadian clocks in almost all eukaryotic organisms promoting synchronization of internal circadian rhythms with external environmental light-dark (LD) cycles. In mammals, the circadian system is organized in a hierarchical manner, in which a central pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) synchronizes oscillators in peripheral tissues. Recent evidence de...

The striking differences between the clinical symptoms of tetanus and botulism have been ascribed to the different fate of the parental neurotoxins once internalised in motor neurons. Tetanus toxin (TeNT) is known to undergo transcytosis into inhibitory interneurons and block the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters in the spinal cord, causing a spastic paralysis. In contrast, botulinum neur...

Tetanus is caused by the tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT), a 150 kDa single polypeptide molecule which is cleaved into active two-chain molecules composed of a 50 kDa N-terminal light (L) and a 100 kDa C-terminal heavy (H) chains. Fragment C is further subdivided into two subdomains: the proximal HCN  subdomain and the extreme carboxy subdomain, HCC. HCC is considered as an immunodominant part of TeNT...

Tests were conducted to determine the persistence of compounds applied to tents to protect against mosquitoes. Interiors of 2 camping tents were treated by the manufacturer--one with the repellent dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and one with the insecticide permethrin. A third tent was untreated. Tents were set up outdoors and exposed to weathering for one year. Weekly tests were conducted by releasin...

Spacetime-discontinuous Galerkin (SDG) finite element methods are used to solve hyperbolic spacetime partial differential equations (PDEs) to accurately model wave propagation phenomena arising in important applications in science and engineering. Tent Pitcher is a specialized algorithm, invented by Üngör and Sheffer [2000], and extended by Erickson et al. [2005], to construct an unstructured s...

We study a family of chaotic maps with limit cases the tent map and the cusp map (the cusp family). We discuss the spectral properties of the corresponding Frobenius–Perron operator in different function spaces including spaces of analytic functions. A numerical study of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is performed.

The na tura l his tory of herpes simplex virus (HSV) has long been recognized to be unique and many faceted, with the nervous system playing a critical role. Of the syndromes induced in man, acute encephalitis is the most serious. The pathogenesis of this disease has not been defined, but a t least some cases have been suggested to result from react ivat ion of a la tent infection (1). Experime...