Epitaxial Cu(In, Ga)Se2 ~CIGS! films were grown on ~110!-oriented GaAs substrates using a hybrid sputtering and evaporation process. The morphological and structural properties were determined by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and electron backscatter diffraction. Pronounced faceting was observed on the surfaces of the films and Ga diffusion was observ...

We synthesize a new fluvial terrace chronostratigraphy of the Bidente and Musone Rivers cast within a broader European framework, which forms the basis of a terrace genesis and river incision model for the northern Apennines, Italy. Our model, supported by terrace long profiles, correlation to Po foreland sediments, 15 new radiocarbon dates, and published numeric and relative stratigraphic ages...

Natural resource base degradation, forest denudation, instability in crop production due to scarcity of water necessitates a thorough insight on sustainable agricultural development for conservation of natural resources not only for the present generation but also for the posterity. An attempt had been made to study the natural resource inventory of part of eastern plateau of India, using LISS ...

The irreversible adsorption of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on a series of well-defined platinum single crystal electrode surfaces has been investigated using voltammetry, ex situ XPS and DFT calculations. It is found that the adsorption of PVP is highly structure sensitive with strong adsorption exhibited by step and {100} terrace sites with only weak interactions observed between PVP and Pt{111...

We studied the step dynamics during crystal sublimation and growth in the limit of fast surface diffusion and slow kinetics of atom attachment-detachment at the steps. For this limit, we formulate a model free of the quasistatic approximation in the calculation of the adatom concentration on the terraces at the crystal surface. Such a model provides a relatively simple way to study the linear s...

Terraces are the major land-use type of agriculture and support the main agricultural production in southeast and southwest China. However, due to smallholder farming, complex terrains, natural disasters and illegal land occupations, a light-weight and low cost dynamic monitoring of agricultural terraces has become a serious concern for smallholder production systems in the above area. In this ...

We have characterized the (010) surface of Gd5Ge4 using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Data from different samples have the following features in common: (1) the surface composition equals the bulk composition to within 5 at.%, both after ion etching and after annealing at temperatures of 400-1200 K; and (2) the surface exhibits terraces of two types. ...

The steps at the crystal surfaces could be partially transparent in the sense that the migrating adatoms can cross the steps without visiting a kink position. In the case of significant transparency the velocity of a given step in a given moment is affected by atomic processes which took place at rather distant terraces in rather earlier moments. The reason is that an adatom needs time to cross...

The topographic and electronic structure of cleaved SrTiO3(001) surfaces were studied, employing samples that either had or had not been coated with Ti on their outer surfaces prior to fracture. In both cases, SrOand TiO2-terminated terraces were present on the cleavage surface, enabling in situ studies on either termination. However, the samples coated with Ti prior to fracture were found to y...

A (0 0 1) surface of silicon consists of terraces of two variants, which have an identical atomic structure, except for a 901 rotation. We formulate a model to evolve the terraces under the combined action of electric current and applied strain. The electric current motivates adatoms to diffuse by a wind force, while the applied strain motivates adatoms to diffuse by changing the concentration ...