OBJECTIVES To assess the incidence of anatomical anomalies in patients with retractile testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied prospectively 20 patients (28 testes) with truly retractile testis and compared them with 25 human fetuses (50 testes) with testis in scrotal position. We analyzed the relations among the testis, epididymis and patency of the processus vaginalis (PV). To analyze the ...

Torsion of the appendix testis is not an uncommon cause of acute hemiscrotum. It is frequently misdiagnosed as acute epididymitis, orchitis, or torsion of testis. Though conservative management is the treatment of choice for this condition, prompt surgical intervention is warranted when testicular torsion is suspected. We report a case of torsion of a large appendix testis misdiagnosed as pyoce...

Testicular tumour in an intra-abdominal undescended testis is a rare fi nding. We report a case of mature teratoma in an intra-abdominal testis of a 4-year-old boy. He presented with nonpalpable testis on the right side. Abdominal ultrasound was normal. Diagnostic laparoscopy revealed a large tumour arising from an intra-abdominal right testis, and histologic analysis identifi ed a mature terat...

Tubular ectasia of the rete testis (TERT) is a rare benign condition of the testis due to dilatation of the tubules of the rete testis. It must be differentiated from neoplastic disease of the testis clinically by patient's age, mode of presentation, tumour marker status and characteristic ultrasound and colour Doppler findings. Awareness and diagnosis of TERT should prevent unnecessary surgica...

Introduction: Testicular nubbin is the most common case of impalpable testis found by pediatric urologists. Diagnostic and surgical management, including long-term follow-up, still a debate, especially in cases bilateral testicular nubbin. Case presentation: A 5-year-old boy with was brought to hospital. diagnostic laparoscopy performed, both internal inguinal rings were closed blood vessels, v...

background: previous researches about the effects of epididymal obstruction on the testes are contradictory, and the mechanism harmful effect of male duct system obstruction on seminiferous tubules still remains unclear. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of epididymal obstruction in prepubertal rats on the testis. materials and methods: 15 days of age, the young ra...

background: ciprofloxacin is a commonly prescribed antibiotic in the treatment of genitourinary tract infection. objective: the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ciprofloxacin on testis apoptosis and sperm parameters in rat. materials and methods: twenty male wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into two groups; control (n=10) and experimental (n=10). the experimenta...

background: the global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is on rise. diabetes-induced oxidative stress has been known to affect liver, pancreas, kidney and reproductive organs pathologically. honey is a natural product of bee with antioxidant properties. objective: current study aimed to analyze the protective effects of metformin (mf) alone and mf+ natural honey co-administration on diabetes-ind...

The testis has long enjoyed a reputation as an immunologically privileged site based on its ability to protect auto-antigenic germ cells and provide an optimal environment for the extended survival of transplanted allo- or xeno-grafts. Exploration of the role of anatomical, physiological, immunological and cellular components in testis immune privilege revealed that the tolerogenic environment ...