We interviewed 21 sheep farmers and evaluated their electric fences to identify problems and determine efficacy of electric fences to prevent coyote (Canis latrans) predation. Modified woven wire fences and fences of 9 high-tensile smooth wires alternating charged and grounded were most effective in preventing coyote predation. The most serious problems in fence design and maintenance were a) b...
We prove some consistency results about b(λ) and d(λ), which are natural generalisations of the cardinal invariants of the continuum b and d. We also define invariants bcl(λ) and dcl(λ), and prove that almost always b(λ) = bcl(λ) and d(λ) = dcl(λ)
