In 718 A.D., Ch’üt’an Hsi-ta (Gautama Siddhārtha), an Indian astronomer who was appointed an“astronomer royal” in the T’ang court compiled a compendium of omens and divinations, called K’aiyüan Chan-ching, analogous to Varahamihira’s Br .hatsam. hita. The 104th volume of this work, Chiu-chih li (Nine Upholders Calendrical System) on astronomy was entirely based on the Indian astronomy of the 7t...

the present paper aims at clarifying the role of the concept “walåyah” in the philosophy of the unity of being in islamic philosophy (waedat al-wujid). the concept “walåyah” is deeply built into the philosophic system of the islamic theory of being, and moreover the dynamic aspect of this concept has always activated islamic philosophy of existence and stimulated the thought of islamic philosop...

The microscope, such an integral part of pathology today, was only reluctantly accepted by physicians at the time of its invention in 1590. After the Dutch Zacharias Janssen invented the compound microscope by combining convex lenses in a tube, Holland and Italy became centers for the production and use of the new instrument. The name “microscope” was first suggested in 1625 by Faber a botanist...

" W hat is it about Johannes Vermeer? " contemporary art lovers and historians ask. The enigmatic painter, apparently well known in his day, lapsed into obscurity after his death only to surface again in the 19th century and capture the imagination and esthetic taste of modern times. Even though he produced no more than 40 paintings, their originality and refinement place him among the greatest...

the place and character are important factors of a novel. in fact place is a framework in which the events happen and is divided into two types: open & close. the character is a dynamic element in novel progression; while plays an important role in formation, evolution and presentation of the place related events. the character itself divides into different types which the present paper focuses...

Visiting Astronomer, Canada–France–Hawaii–Telescope, operated by the National Research Council of Canada, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique de France, and the University of Hawaii