The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the polar surface area and other molecular properties of the model drugs and their transdermal permeability across the rat skin. Few model drugs which are weakly acidic (ibuprofen, aceclofenac and glipizide) and weakly basic (olanzapine, telmisartan and sildenafil citrate) were selected for the study based on Polar surface...

Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that establishes and develops the principles of the subject in terms of the underlying concepts of physics and the language of mathematics. Its concepts are used to explain and interpret observations on the physical and chemical properties of matter. Physical chemistry is essential for developing and interpreting the techniques used to determine str...

The land-ocean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) flux represents a significant term within the global budget, with peatland-dominated regions representing most intense sources of terrestrial DOC export. As interface between freshwater and marine systems, estuaries have potential to act as filter flux, removing terrestrially derived DOC, which is present at low concentrations in oceans, via combina...

Both lake-specific (e.g. pH) and regional (e.g. precipitation) factors affect DOC concentration and pattern. Using annual DOC concentration in nine boreal lakes in the ice-free season, the potential influences of five regional factors, air temperature, precipitation, SO 4 deposition, solar radiation (photosynthetically active radiation, or PAR) and the southern oscillation index (SOI) have been...

Background: “Chouriço Vinha d’Alhos” is a traditional fermented dry meat sausage from North of Portugal. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of a fresh and a lyophilized bioprotective Lactobacillus plantarum ST153Ch culture, on an industrial scale, on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensorial characteristics of “Chouriço Vinha d’Alhos”. Methods: “Chouriço Vinha d’Alhos” ...

UV-visible spectroscopy has been shown to be a useful technique for determining dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations. However, at present we are unaware of any studies in the literature that have investigated the suitability of this approach for tropical DOC water samples from any tropical peatlands, although some work has been performed in other tropical environments. We used water sa...

BACKGROUND Using treated wastewater in agriculture irrigation could be a realistic solution for the shortage of fresh water in Iran, however, it is associated with environmental and health threats; therefore, effluent quality assessment is quite necessary before use. The present study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbial quality of Shiraz wastewater treatment plant effluent for b...