Abstract Development aid does not always positively impact economic growth. Instead, may decrease total factor productivity (TFP) and discourage the recipient country's own effort to grow. This study contributes research on macroeconomic transmission channels by using panel data from 51 countries over a 36‐year period applying time‐series techniques. The main aim is aid–productivity relation an...

‎Based on a definition for circle in Finsler space‎, ‎recently proposed by one of the present authors and Z‎. ‎Shen‎, ‎a natural definition of extrinsic sphere in Finsler geometry is given and it is shown that a connected submanifold of a Finsler manifold is totally umbilical and has non-zero parallel mean curvature vector field‎, ‎if and only if its circles coincide with circles of the ambient...

In call-by-value languages, some mutually-recursive value definitions can be safely evaluated to build recursive functions or cyclic data structures, but (let rec x = + 1) contain vicious circles and their evaluation fails at runtime. We propose a new static analysis check the absence of such runtime failures. present set declarative inference rules, prove its soundness with respect reference s...