Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a serious public health problem due to its high incidence and metastatic potential. It progresses from actinic keratosis (AK), precancerous lesion, or thein situcarcinoma Bowen's disease (BD). During this progression, malignant keratinocytes activate dermal fibroblasts into tumor-promoting cancer-associated (CAFs), whose origin emergence remain largel...