A well-dispersed phase of exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was initially prepared in water. This was concentrated by centrifugation and was mixed with a liquid epoxy resin. The remaining water was removed by evaporation, leaving a GO dispersion in epoxy resin. A stoichiometric amount of an anhydride curing agent was added to this epoxy-resin mixture containing the GO nanosheets, which ...

Carbon microand nanostructures has received widespread interest recently due to their potential applications in biomedical devices, chemical sensors, and microelectronics. In this work, we successfully fabricated carbon-micro and nano electromechanical systems (CMEMS/NEMS) by UV/EB lithography and pyrolysis method. Our starting material is a negative photoresist, SU-8. We tried to solve chargin...

Using thermal evaporation, we fabricated five uniform and regular arrays of Ag nanostructures with different shapes that were based on an anodized aluminum oxide template and analyzed their optical properties. Round-top-shaped structures are obtained readily, whereas to obtain needle-on-round-top-shaped and needle-shaped structures, control of the directionality of evaporation, pore size, lengt...

The optimization of the thermal co-evaporation deposition process for n-type bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) thin films onto polyimide substrates for thermoelectric applications is reported. The influence of deposition parameters (evaporation rate and substrate temperature) on film composition and thermoelectric properties was studied for optimal thermoelectric performance. Energy-dispersive X-ray s...

Thermal decompositions of the precursors for chemical solution deposition of 0.7 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3 PbTiO3 thin films were studied. The precursors were prepared from lead acetate or acetylacetone-modified lead acetate by diol-based route, and dried at 100 C. Thermal decompositions of the PT, PMN and PMN-PT precursors in air occur stepwise. Between room temperature and approximately 200 C the ...

One of the objectives of the European SUBZERO project was to study the influence of sweat evaporation and condensation on the heat transmission properties of cold protective clothing. With the sweating thermal manikin Coppelius, water vapour transfer through and water condensation in the clothing can be determined simultaneously with the thermal insulation. In this study, 4 cold protective ense...

This study describes a simulation analysis to asses increased productivity of salterns used for sea salt production by implementing a solar parabolic trough collector to accelerate the evaporation process. The proposed system is designed for Southern Spain, to be coupled with a heat exchanger submerged in the saltern’s channel. A thermal-fluid analysis of the proposed system was modeled using E...

A detailed numerical model is developed that describes heat and mass transfer from a meniscus to open air. The model accounts for the effects of evaporation at the interface, vapor transport through air, thermocapillary convection, and natural convection in air. Evaporation at the interface is modeled using kinetic theory, while vapor transport in air is computed by solving the complete species...

In an effort to develop methods based on integrating the subsurface to the atmospheric boundary layer to estimate evaporation, we developed a model based on the coupling of Navier-Stokes free flow and Darcy flow in porous medium. The model was tested using experimental data to study the effect of wind speed on evaporation. The model consists of the coupled equations of mass conservation for two...

We revisit the evaporation process of gas from dwarf galaxies after it has been photo-ionized by the UV flux from the first stars and AGNs and heated to T ≃ 10 or 2 × 10K respectively. Earlier estimates, based on the balance between pressure and gravity, indicated that dark haloes of virial velocity lower than Vevap ≃ 11−13 kms −1 have lost most of their gas in a dynamical time. We follow the c...