Pressure vessels such as steam generators are subjected to high temperature, in addition pressure during the operating condition. Flanges and bolts made up of different materials whose coefficient thermal expansion varies. Usually, is greater than that flanges. At elevated temperatures expand more flanges, resulting decrease compression connected members achieved assembly stage, which turn decr...

A study was conducted in Louisburg, North Carolina, to determine the effect of level spreader–vegetative filter strip (LS-VFS) storm-water control measures (SCMs) on runoff temperature and thermal loading. Two LS-VFS systems draining an urban catchment were monitored during the summers of 2008 and 2009. The first VFS was 7.6 m wide and entirely grassed. The second was 15.2 m wide, with the firs...

A new micro heat spreader (MHS) concept for efŽ cient transport of large, concentrated heat loads is introduced. The MHS is a single-phase, closed micro uidic system, which utilizes reciprocating ̄ow forced convection. This micro uidic device has the potential to control transient heat loads by active control strategies. Hence, it can be utilized in various thermal management applications, mai...