Paramecium is a unicellular organism that swims in fresh water by beating thousands of cilia. When it stimulated (mechanically, chemically, optically, thermally…), often backward then turns and forward again. This avoiding reaction triggered calcium-based action potential. For this reason, some authors have called swimming neuron. review summarizes current knowledge about the physiological basi...

Bulk ionic conductivity, Ionic Thermal Current (I.T.C.), and Thermally Stimulated Polarization Current (T.S.P.C.) studies are reported for the system Bal-,LaXF2+, (0.12 x loe2 < x < 0.45). The obtained results are illustrative for the compositional dependence of the ionic conductivity of anion-excess solid solutions. For small solute content simple associates as well as free mobile fluoride int...