The PFPD has advantages over the other two phosphorus sensing GC detectors: 1) the Thermionic Specific Detector (TSD), a nitrogen-phosphorus detector, and 2) the Flame Photometric Detector (FPD). Comparisons are made between these detectors. Finally, high speed data acquisition firmware and software that allows one to easily set up the PFPD and review the pulsed emission data emanating from eac...

Transport in photoactive graphene heterostructures, originating from the dynamics of photogenerated hot carriers, is governed by the processes of thermionic emission, electron-lattice thermal imbalance, and cooling. These processes give rise to interesting photoresponse effects, in particular negative differential resistance (NDR) arising in the hot-carrier regime. The NDR effect stems from a s...

Probing the validity of classical macroscopic physical laws at the nanoscale is important for nanoscience research. Herein, we report on experimental evidence that electron emission from individual hot carbon nanotubes (CNTs) heated by self-Joule-heating does not obey Richardson's law of thermionic emission. By using an in-situ multi-probe measurement technique, electron emission density (J) an...

This paper continues our work to demonstrate a new electron source for applications where high brightness is required. Thermionic emission and cold field emission are ends in a continuum of electron emission processes; between lays extended Schottky emission (ESE) and thermal-field emission (TFE). Presently, commercial electron sources operate in the extended Schottky or cold field emission (CF...

emission Vivike J. F. Lapoutre, Marko Haertelt, Gerard Meijer, André Fielicke, and Joost M. Bakker a) FOM Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, Edisonbaan 14, NL-3439 MN Nieuwegein, The Netherlands Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Facility, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 E...

Design and measurements of molecular wires, switches, and memories offer an increased device capability with reduced elements. We report: Measurements on through-bond electronic transport properties of nanoscale metal-1,4-phenylene diisocyanide-metal junctions are reported, where nonohmic thermionic emission is the dominant process, with isocyanide-Pd showing the lowest thermionic barrier of 0....

A new type of transistor is proposed based on gate-controlled charge injection in unipolar semiconductor structures. Its design has some similarity with the recently fabricated triangular barrier diodes but contains an additional input circuit which allows an independent control of the barrier height for thermionic emission. This circuit is provided by a MOS gate on the semiconductor surface. I...

We use two heterostructure designs to improve the energy conversion efficiency of solidstate thermionic devices. The first method is to use a non-planar heterostructure with roughness in order of electron mean free path. This has some combined benefits of increased effective interface area, and reduced total internal reflection for the electron trajectories arriving at the interface. Monte Carl...