The surge of face mask waste in response to the global pandemic has proven be a liability environment. Microfibers from plastic constituents would cause microplastic pollution water bodies. Fortunately, these could converted into renewable source energy via thermochemical method, i.e. pyrolysis. However, studies on thermal decomposition masks and their kinetic mechanisms are not well-establishe...

Urban waste in Malang becomes a significant problem due to its increasing volume and negative impact on the environment. An incineration process offers solution reduce waste. The thermochemical method is one of routes effectively. This paper discussed combustion organic with thermogravimetric analysis nonisothermal mode which temperature escalated from 25 1000°C by heating ramp 20°C/min. burnin...

The unimolecular decomposition of 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), a promising next-generation biofuel, was studied at the CBS-QB3 level of theory. As most of its decomposition routes remain unknown, a large number of pathways were explored: initial C-H bond fission, biradical ring opening, H-atom and CH(3)-group transfers involving carbene intermediates. Based on the computed potential energy surfaces...

Sewage sludge is an unavoidable secondary pollution produced in the process of sewage treatment. At present traditional methods of treating sludge (e.g. landfill, incineration or land application) have some disadvantages and shortages. Direct thermochemical liquefaction of sludge is a new treatment method, which has the advantage of both treatment and energy recovery. Research progress and appl...

Solar direct, indirect and hybrid thermochemical processes are presented for the generation of hydrogen and compared to alternate solar hydrogen processes. A hybrid solar thermal/electrochemical process combines efficient photovoltaics and concentrated excess sub-bandgap heat into highly efficient elevated temperature solar electrolysis of water and generation of H2 fuel utilizing the thermodyn...

A field study was conducted in a nutrient-impacted marsh in Water Conservation Area 2A (WCA-2A) of the Everglades in southern Florida, USA, to evaluate early stages of plant litter (detritus) decomposition along a well-documented trophic gradient, and to determine the relative importance of environmental factors and substrate composition in governing decomposition rate. Vertically stratified de...

Hydration reactions of protonated and sodiated thiouracils (2-thiouracil, 6-methyl-2-thiouracil, and 4-thiouracil) generated by electrospray ionization have been studied in a gas phase at 10 mbar using a pulsed ion-beam high-pressure mass spectrometer. The thermochemical data, ΔH(o)n, ΔS(o)n, and ΔG(o)n, for the hydrated systems were obtained by equilibrium measurements. The water binding energ...

Abstract Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) reacts with biomass in water at a high temperature and pressure to produce hydrochar higher heating value (HHV) lower ash content than dry torrefaction. The potassium can promote thermochemical conversion; however, it lowers the melting of ash, causing slugging fouling. Therefore, this study, investigated effect on HTC sorghum bagasse by comparing remov...

The absorption spectra of nitric oxide in aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, in alcohols and in water were investigated. The experimental results show that the broad structureless absorption bands observed rise from charge transfer between the solvent and NO. Thermochemical data indicate that the solvent-NO interactions are due to contacts in solution without the formation of a stable complex...

The aim of this analysis is to assess the issues of cost, safety, performance, and environmental impact associated with the production of hydrogen by so called "Area II" technologies, not presently funded by the U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program. The hydrogen (H2) rich feedstocks considered are: water, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) rich sub-quality natural gas (SQNG), and ammonia (NH3). Three technology areas...