Apelin is a recently discovered bioactive peptide, known to be an endogenous high-affinity ligandfor the previously orphan G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Apelin/APJ as a novel signaling pathwayhas been shown to play many crucial roles in cardiovascular function, blood pressure regulation, fluidhomeostasis, feeding behavior, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, adipoinsular axis regulation, cellp...

1. Hand heat elimination was measured during central body heating or cooling to evaluate the sensitivity of thermoregulation in patients exhibiting Raynaud’s Phenomenon. 2. Patients with Raynaud’s Phenomenon responded to central heating and cooling very much as did normal subjects. 3. Patients with Raynaud’s Phenomenon and associated connective tissue disease do not vasodilate in the hand in re...

The metabolic rate of the fetus per tissue weight is relatively high when compared to that of an adult. Moreover, heat is transferred to the fetus via the placenta and the uterus, resulting in a 0.3 degrees C to 0.5 degrees C higher temperature than that of the mother. Therefore, fetal temperature is maternally dependent until birth. At birth, the neonate rapidly cools in response to the relati...

Core body temperature is one of the most tightly regulated parameters of human physiology. At any given time, body temperature differs from the expected value by no more than a few tenths of a degree. However, slight daily variations are due to circadian rhythm, and, in women, monthly variations are due to their menstrual cycle. Importantly, both anesthesia and surgery dramatically alter this d...

We have been investigating DNA state machines, especially those based on the opening of hairpin molecules in which state transitions are realized as hairpin loops are opened by molecules called openers. This paper introduces photoand thermoregulation of such hairpin-based DNA machines, in which the openers become active by sensing external signals in the form of light or heat. We conducted fluo...

When coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with a detailed thermal comfort model describing the human thermoregulation, the characteristics of the micro-climate of the human body have to be known. In the paper, CFD has been applied to investigate human body’’s micro climate. A climate chamber equipped with a thermal manikin has been used to validate the CFD simulations against measurement...

In ?Behavioral Thermoregulation by Turtle Embryos,? published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences [4] in April, 2011, Wei-Guo Du, Bo Zhao, Ye Chen, and Richard Shine report that turtle embryos can move towards warmer temperatures within the egg [5] when presented with a small, 0.8 degrees Celsius gradient. This behavioral thermoregulation may benefit the embryo?s fitness by accel...

ACCURATE REGULATION OF BODY temperature is essential for optimal function and survival. The elderly are at increased risk of both hypothermia and hyperthermia when exposed to extreme temperatures. Two new investigations show that it does not take extreme temperatures to see differences between the aged and the adult. In this issue of the American Journal of Physiology—Regulatory, Integrative an...

Although suppression of thermoregulatory mechanisms by anesthetics is generally assumed, the extent to which thermoregulation is active during general anesthesia is not known. The only thermoregulatory responses available to anesthetized, hypothermic patients are vasoconstriction and nonshivering thermogenesis. To test anesthetic effects on thermoregulation, the authors measured skin-surface te...

We review a growing body of medical and physiological evidence indicating that yawning may be a thermoregulatory mechanism, providing compensatory cooling when other provisions fail to operate favorably. Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, migraine headaches, epilepsy, stress and anxiety, and schizophrenia have all be linked to thermoregulatory dysfunction and are often associated with insta...