Ferrous metals include cast iron, steel, and the various steel alloys, The only difference between iron and steel is the carbon content. Cast iron contains more than 2-percent carbon, while steel contains less than 2 percent. An alloy is a substance composed of two or more elements. Therefore, all steels are an alloy of iron and carbon, but the term “alloy steel” normally refers to a steel that...

Stainless steels stabilized with Ti or Nb are largely used in offshore and shipbuilding industries due to its excellent corrosion resistance. In this study, carbide stabilizers, Ti and Nb, were added to stainless steel 304 specimens with different concentrations(Ti: 0.26%, 0.71%, Nb: 0.29%, 0.46%, 0.71%), and their mechanical and electrochemical characteristics were evaluated. Micro-Vickers har...

2) and 3) together can be summarized by: If t0 = 0 < t1 < t2 < · · · < tk, then the increment rvs B(ti) − B(ti−1), i ∈ {1, . . . k}, are independent with B(ti) − B(ti−1) ∼ N(0, ti − ti−1) (normal with mean 0 and variance ti − ti−1). In particular, B(ti) − B(ti−1) is independent of B(ti−1) = B(ti−1)−B(0). If we only wish to simulate B(t) at one fixed value t, then we need only generate a unit no...

In the present study, novel MRI compatible zirconium-ruthenium alloys with ultralow magnetic susceptibility were developed for biomedical and therapeutic devices under MRI diagnostics environments. The results demonstrated that alloying with ruthenium into pure zirconium would significantly increase the strength and hardness properties. The corrosion resistance of zirconium-ruthenium alloys inc...

A simple, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the individual and simultaneous determination of Ti(IV) and Mo(VI) using salicylaldehyde p-hydroxybenzoylhydrazone (SAPHBH) in presence of Triton X100, without any prior separation. Beer’s law is obeyed between 0.15-2.0 and 0.20-2.51 μgmL concentration of Ti(IV) and Mo(VI) at 470 and 410 nm, respectively. The mol...

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is one of the most widely used solid lubricants. In this work, composite MoSx/Ti coatings were deposited by direct-current magnetron sputter ion plating onto plain carbon steel substrates. The MoSx/Ti ratio in the coatings was controlled by sputtering the composite targets. The composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the coatings were explored using...

Nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instruments are widely used in adult endodontics as an efficient technique, but are rarely used for endodontic treatment for primary molars. To explore the feasibility of using Ni-Ti rotary instruments for root canal preparation in primary molars, 51 primary molars with intact root apex in 22 children, who ranged in age from 3.2 years to 7.7 years, were treated. A modifi...

In this research, tribological behavior of Ti-Ni-P intermetallic coatings on titanium substrates have been investigated under dry reciprocating conditions. Hardness profile testing results exhibit that high surface hardness has been attained and static indentation result shows that the intermetallic coating has better adhesion strength than the conventional ceramic coatings. In this respect, th...

OBJECTIVE To compare the deflection load characteristics of homogeneous and heterogeneous joints made by laser welding using various types of orthodontic wires. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four kinds of straight orthodontic rectangular wires (0.017 inch × 0.025 inch) were used: stainless-steel (SS), cobalt-chromium-nickel (Co-Cr-Ni), beta-titanium alloy (β-Ti), and nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti). Homogene...

A process was developed for fabricating arrays of micro-channels in shape-memory NiTi for bone implant applications, with a tailorable internal architecture expected to improve biomechanical compatibility and osseointegration. Ni-51.4 at.% Ti with 24-34 vol.% porosity was fabricated by electrochemical dissolution of parallel layers of steel wire meshes embedded within a NiTi matrix during hot p...