Until recently, mutagenicity testing was done on preselected compounds in a manner in which the testing laboratories knew the identity of the substances under test and the "expected" results, i.e., positive for compounds selected because of their carcinogenicity and negative for food additives. There is no completed study in which substances were tested blind using a standardized protocol. Also...

The authors study the design of heterogeneous two-tier wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where one tier of nodes is more robust and computationally intensive than the other tier. The authors find the ratios of densities of nodes in each tier to maximise coverage and network lifetime. By employing coverage processes and optimisation theory, the authors show that any topology of WSN derived from r...

BACKGROUND A candidate vaccine consisting of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subunit gp120 protein was found previously to be nonprotective in an efficacy trial (Vax004) despite strong antibody responses against the vaccine antigens. Here we assessed the magnitude and breadth of neutralizing antibody responses in Vax004. METHODS Neutralizing antibodies were measured against highly...

This exploratory paper attempts to describe the status of the international digital divide in the Mediterranean area. To do so, it has assembled data on the level of Internet penetration in the Union for the Mediterranean (UM), Some non-littoral UM states were included for purposes of comparison, as were a number of EU non-UM states. Finally, a small number of non UM, non EU, OECD members were ...

We propose a clean slate design for the next generation Internet architecture that allows natural sharing of resources among multiple organizations. Our architecture consists of a 3-tier object model. The bottom tier consists of the network infrastructure owned by multiple Internet service providers. The second tier consists of hosts that may be owned by different organizations. The third tier ...

Heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) constitute a necessary step in the evolution of cellular networks. In this paper, we apply the signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) meta distribution framework for a refined SIR performance analysis of HCNs, focusing on K-tier heterogeneous cellular networks based on the homogeneous independent Poisson point process (HIP) model, with range expansion bias (of...

We find that there are serious problems in Cloud application development such as complex architecture and WS API, highly running cost, poor UI and interaction and so on, and that these problems stem from not fully utilized RIA’s (Rich Internet Application) advantages and inappropriate functionality segmentation between clientside and server-side. That is, Web services, application logic and tra...

Firms often carry a portfolio of multiple brands within a product category to target different quality tiers in the market. Furthermore, to satisfy heterogeneous consumer preferences within each quality tier, these firms also offer several variants for each brand. A natural outcome of this practice is inter-brand variant overlap which could occur across tiers or within a tier. In this paper, we...