Electron tomography can provide three dimensional (3D) visualization of nanoscale objects in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) from a tilt series of projected images. The accuracy of the 3D reconstruction depends on quality of input parameters, including accurate alignment in real space and accuracy of tilt and azimuth angle measurements. Here we present an electron diffraction-based in-...

OBJECTIVE Clinicians commonly recommend that power wheelchair users with spinal cord injury perform wheelchair tilt and recline maneuvers to redistribute seating loads away from the ischial tuberosities. However, ischial pressure reduction may be accompanied by coccygeal pressure increases. Although the coccyx is among the most common sites of pressure ulcers, few studies have reported coccygea...

BACKGROUND The cross-sectional morphology of the prosthetic knee is crucial to understanding patellar motion and quadriceps strength after total knee arthroplasty. However, few comparative evaluations of the cross-sectional morphology of the femoral trochlea have been performed in the native knee and currently available femoral implants, and the relationship between the trochlear anatomy of pro...

The effects of passive head-up tilt on systolic time intervals were assessed in 18 patients with mitral valve prolapse. In addition to causing prolongation of the pre-ejection period and shortening of left ventricular ejection time, this circulatory stress led to progressive shortening of the Q to click interval. In 1 patient, a systolic click became audible which had not been heard in the supi...

We present a novel two-dimensional fiber-optic inclinometer with high sensitivity by crisscrossing two etched chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBG) arrays. Each array is composed of two symmetrically-arranged CFBGs. By etching away most of the claddings of the CFBGs to expose the evanescent wave, the reflection spectra are highly sensitive to the surrounding index change. When we immerse only par...

Fringe formation in the two-grating interferometer is analyzed in the presence of a small parallelism error between the diffraction gratings assumed in the direction of grating shear. Our analysis shows that with partially coherent illumination, fringe contrast in the interference plane is reduced in the presence of nonzero grating tilt with the effect proportional to the grating tilt angle and...

The effects of off-vertical rotation upon the intake of tap water immediately after rotation, and upon conditioned taste aversion, were assessed in mice with the tilt of the rotation axis varying from 5 to 20 degrees from the earth-vertical. Conditioned taste aversion occurred in all mice that were rotated, but the intake of tap water was suppressed only in mice that were rotated at 15 or 20 de...

Blood pressure regulation is a prime example of homeostatic regulation. However, some characteristics of the cardiovascular system better match a non-linear self-organized system than a homeostatic one. To determine whether blood pressure regulation is self-organized, we repeated the seminal demonstration of self-organized control of movement, but applied it to the cardiovascular system. We loo...

This paper is a theoretical analysis of mirror tilt in a Michelson interferometer and its effect on the radiant flux over the active area of a rectangular photodetector or image sensor pixel. It is relevant to sensor applications using homodyne interferometry where these opto-electronic devices are employed for partial fringe counting. Formulas are derived for radiant flux across the detector f...

One of the important parameters of the ubiquitous spicules rising intermittently above the surface of the Sun is the variation of spicule spline orientation with respect to the solar coordinates, presumably reflecting the focusing of ejection by the coronal magnetic field. Here we first use a method of tracing limb spicules using a combination of second derivative operators in multiple directio...