small diameter timbers have many used in wood and paper industries such as veneer and plywood, furniture industry, wood working and their particle for papermaking and particleboard. diameter of small diameter poplar is between 15 to 35 cm and poplar trees are planted in excess of 23 provinces of iran. small diameter poplar are visual graded to lumber of sawmill. since, small diameter poplars ar...

Background As part of the Northwest Forest Plan, large areas have been designated on many federal forests in western Oregon to provide critical habitat for plants and animals that are associated with old-growth habitat. Some of the structural characteristics often considered typical of old forests include large-diameter overstory trees, large standing and fallen dead trees, and one or more unde...

Nacrtak Rot is one of the most important defects in timber assortments of Norway spruce (Picea abies). With the aim to investigate this phenomenon, we analyzed 1,334 spruce trees from 65 locations across Slovenia. The study showed that the incidence of rot was higher in even-aged stands compared to uneven-aged stands. Lower-trunk rot (for the purpose of this study, lower-trunk rot is rot that a...

Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens (Lamb. ex. D. Don) Endl.) is unique among conifer species because of its longevity, the great sizes of individual trees, and its propensity to reproduce through sprouts. Timber harvesting in the native redwood range along the coast of the western United States has necessitated restoration aimed to promote old forest structures to increase the total amount of ...

Across the globe and in the U.S., it is anticipated that forest resources in rural and urban settings will be affected by climate-change induced impacts to forest growing conditions, including CO 2 fertilization and disturbance regimes. These changing forest conditions are projected to trace through to changes in management regimes, production practices, and, potentially, the uses of timberland...

An optimization model for Timber Harvest Planning (THP) is used to form harvest areas with the objective of maximizing the tree harvest volume subject to harvest regulations. Most optimization models for THP currently in use are based on clear cutting and restricted to adjacency constraints to prevent the creation of large clear-cut openings in the forest. However, an optimization model based o...

Timber harvesting guidelines formulated for north Queensland rainforests allowed economically viable harvests with minimal ecological impact. Harvesting procedures sought to minimize soil erosion, silting and turbidity in steams, destruction of trees in the residual stand, and disruption of natural habitats and processes. Forest officers selected the trees to be harvested, indicated the directi...

2 Variation of colour and selected physical and mechanical properties related to artificial drying of sawn silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) timber from plantations Veikko Möttönen Dissertationes Forestales 13 3 Möttönen, V. 2005. Variation of colour and selected physical and mechanical properties related to artificial drying of sawn silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) timber from plantations. ...

Many animals use public information (PI) gathered from conspecifics to assess the quality of potential foraging locations. To date, research on this phenomenon has focused almost exclusively on social foragers that live in groups and monitor nearby individuals. PI is potentially available to solitary foragers as well, in the form of cues (such as chemical cues) that persist in the environment a...