Pain associated-anxiety induced by formalin, which resulted in a significant delay in the development of tolerance to morphine antinociception, failed to prevent the development of physical dependence as evidenced by naloxone challenge. Dependence also developed in mice rendered tolerant to morphine. Thus, the development of morphine dependence was observed in the absence and presence of tolera...

SUMMARY In market-driven development where time-to-market is of crucial importance, software development companies seek improvements that can decrease the lead-time and improve the delivery precision. One way to achieve this is by analyzing the test process since rework commonly accounts for more than half of the development time. A large reason for high rework costs is fault slippages from ear...

This paper tests the validity of the claim that inequality leads to political instability, as well as several other hypotheses about the tolerance for inequality. Using data from the Social Conflict in Africa Database, I examine macro-level implications of micro-level theories about grievances and collective action, complementing earlier research on the individual-level correlates of protest pa...

Bacillus safensis strain VK was isolated from the rhizosphere of a cumin plant growing in the saline desert of Radhanpar, Gujarat, India. Here, we provide the 3.68-Mb draft genome sequence of B. safensis VK, which might provide information about the salt tolerance and genes encoding enzymes for the strain's plant growth-promoting potential.

UNLABELLED Morphine is among the most prevalent analgesics prescribed for chronic pain. However, prolonged morphine treatment results in the development of analgesic tolerance. An abundance of evidence has accumulated indicating that central nervous system glial cell activity facilitates pain transmission and opposes morphine analgesia. While the midbrain ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPA...

Acquisition of desiccation tolerance and the related changes at the cellular level in wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Priokskaya) kernels during normal development and premature drying on the ear were studied using a spin probe technique and low temperature scanning electron microscopy. During normal development, the ability of embryos to germinate after rapid drying and rehydration was acquired a...

This study investigated the effect of delta opioid receptor blockade by naltrindole on the development of physical dependence and tolerance to the antinociceptive and respiratory depressive effects of morphine in rats. Chronic morphine was delivered either by s.c. injection of increasing amounts of morphine over 5 days or by s.c. implantation of morphine pellets. Animals were cotreated with sal...

Dependability frequently focuses on approaches such as rigorous design and fault tolerance. A final software product is strongly influenced by the people who created it. Large variations in individual performance in software development have been observed. Some form of innate programming ability might account for some of the differences. The influence of personality on computer programming has ...

The neuropeptide orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N) has been shown to counteract several effects of endogenous and exogenous opioids, and it has been proposed as an opioid-modulating agent involved in the development of morphine tolerance and dependence. However, conflicting results have been obtained from animal models using different protocols to induce morphine tolerance. Here, we report that bo...

The ability of marine microbes to develop tolerance to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was examined in a 90-day experiment. PAH levels in sediment were increased 0.3 and 1.6 times compared to the control sediment. Day 30, 60, and 90 the microbes were re-exposed to PAHs in a short-term toxicity test to detect tolerance, where nitrification and denitrification were used as endpoints. In a...