A model of the magnetosheath structure proposed in a recent paper from the authors is extended to estimate the magnetopause stand-o€ distance from solar wind data. For this purpose, the relationship of the magnetopause location to the magnetosheath and solar wind parameters is studied. It is shown that magnetopause erosion may be explained in terms of the magnetosheath magnetic ®eld penetration...

Wind erosion is a widespread problem in much of the western United States due to arid conditions and persistent winds. Fugitive dust from eroding land poses a risk to both environmental quality and human health. Since the advent of the Clean Air Act in 1971, ambient air quality standards have been set regulating particulate matter in the atmosphere. Agricultural straw has been widely used for e...

Coastal dunes protect low lying coastal areas against the sea. Extreme waves and water levels during severe storms may cause breaching of the dunes. Consequently, serious damage due to flooding and direct wave attack could occur, resulting in loss of life and property. Proper coastal management implies that reinforcement measures will be taken if the actual safety level does not meet the agreed...

Field rainfall simulation experiments at two sites are used to partition sediment transport on unpaved roads into splash and hydraulic erosion components. Rain splash processes contributed 38–45% of total sediment output, with instantaneous contributions being variable throughout 60-min high-energy events. For lowand medium-magnitude rainstorms, splash erosion on roads is initially controlled b...

PURPOSE A high prevalence of tooth surface loss due to erosion is well recognized in the United Kingdom (UK), but not in the United States (US). This could be due to prevalence or perception or a combination of both. The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of erosion of the upper permanent incisors in US and UK samples of 11-13 year old children. METHODS Convenience samples of 129...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the abrasive effect of CaCO3 and SiO2-based fluoride-free experimental toothpastes on eroded human permanent dental enamel and evaluate the effectiveness of waiting periods between acid exposure and tooth brushing. Twelve volunteers wore palatal appliances containing human enamel blocks for two periods of five days each. The appliances were immers...

Background: The fluoride drug is mentioned as a double-edged weapon due to its positive and negative outcomes. Reducing dental caries in large population, cost effective excess teeth or body may lead systemic diseases even death. Dental erosion affects the hard tissues of rendering them vulnerable decay. Methods & Materials: A school based descriptive cross-sectional survey. Purposive sampl...