III Listening comprehension is a multifaceted L2 skill and its actual mastery has proved challenging for many EFL learners (Matthews, 2018). Pre-listening supports may help us change the dire situation in developing effective listening competence. Therefore, the current study tried to examine the effect of vocabulary preparation, grammar instruction and background knowledge activatio...

Nowadays about 74% of drugs are taken orally and found not to be as effective required. To improve such characters transdermal drug delivery system was emerged. Drug through the skin attain a systemic effect is commonly known differs from traditional topical delivery. Transdermal systems (TDDS) dosage forms involves transport viable epidermal or dermal tissues for local therapeutic while very m...

The objects of this study were to develop the topical usage of ibuprofen gel and evaluate the permeability status of the prepared gel. Ibuprofen gel was prepared by incorporation of mustard oil and ethanol for improving the ibuprofen release in the topical preparation at different ratio low, medium and high concentration. In general marketed ibuprofen gel, ointment or creams contain ibuprofen a...

Astronium urundeuva (allemão) Engl. (Anacardiaceae) is used in northeastern Brazilian folk medicine largely for the treatment of gynaecological and dermatological problems (1). Previous studies of this plant have shown antiulcerogenic (2), analgesic and anti-inflammatory (3, 4) effects. In clinical practice, there is anecdotal evidence that the use of A. urundeuva in topical preparations may ca...