BACKGROUND For centuries farmers in Vietnam have fertilized their fields with human excreta collected directly from their household latrines. Contrary to the official guideline of six-month storage, the households usually only store human excreta for three to four months before use, since this is the length of time that farmers have available to produce fertilizer between two cropping seasons. ...

An experiment was conducted to detect differences in odor characteristics of broiler excreta due to utilization of different supplementary Met sources by a trained human descriptive aroma attribute sensory panel. The 5 treatment groups were no supplemental Met (control group), sodium methioninate aqueous solution, dry Met hydroxy analogue, liquid Met hydroxy analogue, and DL-Met. Two trials wer...

A total of 720 1-d-old male Ross broilers (BW of 48.0±0.3 g) were used to evaluate the effects of dietary levan fructan supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, relative organ weight, cecal microflora, and excreta noxious gas emission in broilers. This experiment lasted 31 d. Broilers were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments: 1) CON, basal diet, 2) CON+0.25% fructan (FC1)...

Recently we reported elimination of radioactivity from [14C]heptachlor from body stores of lactating ovines, mainly into excreta rather than milk, contrasting sharply with bovines. To further assess heptachlor metabolism and clearance by ovines, 12 fine-wool wether larabs (41 + 3 kg) housed in metabolism stalls were fed pelleted alfalfa hay (96%) plus molasses (3%) ad libitum and were dosed i.p...

BACKGROUND Despite the potential health risks of wastewater and excreta use as fertiliser in agriculture, it is still widespread in Vietnam. However, the importance of diarrheal risk in adults' associated with the combined exposures to both excreta and wastewater use in agriculture is largely unknown. This study was carried out to determine diarrhoeal incidence and associated risk factors among...

Introduction According to the National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NGGI 2007) the agricultural sector contributes around 16% of national greenhouse gas emissions (Figure 1). The main greenhouse gases emitted from agriculture include methane lost during rumen digestion (enteric) and nitrous oxide lost from nitrogen fertilisers, animal excreta and soils (Figure 1). Agriculture accounts for 60% and ...

Composting organic waste and human excreta could significantly reduce the amount of dumped increase soil fertility agricultural yields. However, studies focusing on replacement mineral fertilizer with compost from these resources are rare. The presented study quantifies potential other for production. During wet dry seasons, generation composition household solid (HSW) was measured three wealth...

one of the most important challenges for researchers is deciding on how to collect their data. there are various views on using telephone interviews. conducting telephone interviews on women of 40 years old and older in isfahan about mammography screening behavior showed that it could be an appropriate method for data collection when there is a combination of effective communication process and...