Introduction During the Workshop "Pharmacokinetics: Defining the Dose for Risk Assessment," two panel discussions were held. The first was "Design of Studies to Obtain Pharmacokinetic Data for Risk Assessment." Emil Pfitzer of HoffmannLa Roche, Inc.; James Stevens of Ciba-Geigy Corporation;Penelope FennerCrisp of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Pesticides Program; and Daniel Menzel of ...

bacterial meningitis is still the leading cause of high morbidity and mortality among the children. the present study was conducted to determine the epidemiology, clinical characteristics of bacterial meningitis and to evaluate the risk factors associated with developing the infection.this cross sectional study was conducted in three hospitals of gaza strip -palestine during the period 2009. al...

background: patients with hereditary bleeding disorders are at risk of viral infection such as hepatitis c due to frequent transfusion of blood and blood products. this study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis c and associated risk factors in hemophilic patients in isfahan, the second big province in iran. methods: in a descriptive study, patients with hemophilia in isfahan province...

background: prevalence of fall-related mortality is rising in the elderly population. falling is one of the causes of the murderous and non-murderous injuries in the elderly population which can lead to disability, dependence and decline of quality of life. fractures constitute a major part of the fall-related injuries. the present study is designed to investigate the prevalence of fall-related...

conclusions in the region under study the prevalence of tb among the prisoners was higher than the general population. the main risk factors for pulmonary tb in this population were close contact, idu and hiv infection. results from the reported 4562 patients with tuberculosis, 363 (7.9%) were prison inmates at the time of tb diagnosis. prevalence of tb cases among the prison inmates was 403.3 ...

results in this study, 57.8% males and 42.2% females participated, while the mean age of the patients was 68.46 years old, and the mean age of the healthy individuals was 59.79 years old. the findings of this study showed a family history of cancer, anemia, and smoking, and associations with education, occupation, socioeconomic status, blood group, consumption of hot drinks, as well as a histor...

background nephrolithiasis is a widespread multifactorial disorder. constitutional, environmental and genetic factors play a role in stone formation. although important advances have been made in understanding the pathophysiology of stone formation, none of the many theories have given a satisfactory explanation of this process. objectives the objective of study was to evaluate the probable rel...

background: bakers, due to the nature of their jobs, are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders (msds) caused by ergonomic factors. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical risk factors for msds in bakers. materials and methods: in the current study, all sangak, taftoon, and lavash bread bakeries in gonabad, iran, were selected based on census method. then, hierarchical task an...

The purpose of this study was to identify predictive factors for severe toxicity caused by antifolate-chemotherapy using pemetrexed (ALIMTA, LY231514), as a model. Data on potential predictive factors for severe toxicity from pemetrexed were collected from 246 patients treated between 1995 and 1999. Multivariate stepwise regression methods were used to identify markers predictive of severe toxi...

The issue of toxicity is a primary concern for chest irradiation, because it is a dose-limiting toxicity and because in some circumstances it can alleviate the survival benefit of radiation therapy. Potential acute and delayed side effects can compromise the patients' prognosis and generate significant morbidity. Here we review on chest complications of radiation therapy, with focus on cardiac ...