Background: Acute poisonings are common presentations to emergency departments (EDs) worldwide and require rapid assessment. Consultant emergency physicians (EPs) faced with various toxicological presentations must initiate rapid investigations and empirical management. This study aimed to determine emergency department doctors’ level of knowledge and confidence in toxicological presentations, ...

Toxicological data or PBPK models were not available for any of the threeor four-component submixtures. Toxicological data were available only for the binary mixture of carbon monoxide and methylene chloride; toxicological data on the other binary submixtures were not located. PBPK models for methylene chloride generally contain components describing the metabolism of methylene chloride to form...

This article presents a case of suicide by intoxication with various pharmaceuticals, particularly anticonvulsants, combined with the fungicide captan. A cause of death could not be ascertained at autopsy. However, systematic toxicological analysis (STA) including a screening via solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for (semi) volatile organic comp...

In most cases isolation of drugs from biological samples taken from drug overdose cases has been performed by solvent extraction, for example at pH 9.5 (1), pH 7 (2), or without pH adjustments (3). These techniques do not efficiently extract both strong bases (such as amphetamine) and strong acids (such as acetylsalicylic acid). A two-step extraction of the biological sample at different pH val...

Toxicological data or PBPK models were not available for any of the threeor four-component submixtures. Toxicological data were available only for the binary mixture of carbon monoxide and methylene chloride; toxicological data on the other binary submixtures were not located. PBPK models for methylene chloride generally contain components describing the metabolism of methylene chloride to form...

Note: A TOXICOLOGICAL REVIEW is available for this chemical in Adobe PDF Format (153 pp, 905K). Similar documents can be found in the List of Available IRIS Toxicological Reviews. Links to specific pages in the toxicological review are available throughout this summary. To utilize this feature, your Web browser and Adobe program must be configured properly so the PDF displays within the browser...

BACKGROUND Regulatory agencies in the United Kingdom and the United States have recently issued warnings about a possible link between suicidal ideation and attempts and the use of paroxetine in a pediatric patient population. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of youth suicides that tested positive for paroxetine or other antidepressants in medical examiner toxicologic...

By exploiting data from the Toxic Release Inventory of the United States, we have established that the toxicological footprint (TF) increased by 3.3% (88.4 Mt) between 1998 and 1999 and decreased by 39% (1088.5 Mt) between 1999 and 2013. From 1999 to 2006, the decreasing TF was driven by improvements in emissions intensity (i.e. gains in production efficiency) through toxic chemical management ...

The mechanistic relationship of the inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) to other toxicological phenomena was explored using a recently developed method that models the properties of a large population of molecules chosen to represent the 'universe of chemicals'. The analyses indicate that inhibition of GJIC is strongly linked to the carcinogenic process in rodents, t...

The use of alternative specimens in the field of toxicology was first described in 1979, when hair analysis was used to document chronic drug exposure. Since then, the use of these 'alternative' samples has gained tremendous importance in forensic toxicology, as well as in clinic toxicology, doping control and workplace drug testing. It is not surprising, therefore, that a large number of paper...