Growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in rat was arrested by daily s.c. injections of cholera toxin. At a dose of 2 micrograms/200-g rat, tumors regressed to 50% of their initial size within 2 weeks, and 85% of tumors regressed completely within 4 to 5 weeks. The same response to cholera toxin was observed with another hormone-dependent mammary tumor, MTW9, but ...

The discharge of sewage and industrial effluents containing high concentrations of pollutants in water bodies increases eutrophication. Cyanobacteria, some of the organisms whose growth is promoted by high nutrient concentrations, are resistant and produce several types of toxins, known as cyanotoxins, highly harmful to human beings. Current water treatment systems for the public water supply a...

The selective block of N-type Ca channels by !-conotoxins has been a hallmark of these channels, critical in delineating their biological roles and molecular characteristics. Here we report that the !-conotoxin-channel interaction depends strongly on channel gating. N-type channels ("1B, "2, and #1) expressed in Xenopus oocytes were blocked with a variety of !-conotoxins, including !-CTx-GVIA, ...

The selective block of N-type Ca channels by v-conotoxins has been a hallmark of these channels, critical in delineating their biological roles and molecular characteristics. Here we report that the v-conotoxin-channel interaction depends strongly on channel gating. N-type channels (a1B, a2, and b1) expressed in Xenopus oocytes were blocked with a variety of v-conotoxins, including v-CTx-GVIA, ...

Lactobacillus plantarum strains IS-10506 and IS-20506 isolated from Indonesian traditional fermented milk, dadih, were screened for their ability to remove the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin-LR (MC-LR) from aqueous solution (100 microg/L) at 22 and 37 degrees C. The objective was to study the main environmental factors influencing the metabolic activity of L. plantarum in MC-LR removal. Resid...

Microglia are the resident macrophages of the CNS, and their functions have been extensively studied in various brain pathologies. The physiological roles of microglia in brain plasticity and function, however, remain unclear. To address this question, we generated CX3CR1(CreER) mice expressing tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase that allow for specific manipulation of gene function in microgli...

Many toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci are known to strongly repress their own transcription. This auto-inhibition is often called 'conditional cooperativity' as it relies on cooperative binding of TA complexes to operator DNA that occurs only when toxins are in a proper stoichiometric relationship with antitoxins. There has recently been an explosion of interest in TA systems due to their role in bact...

Background and Objective: Beta-2 Microglobulin (β2M) is a middle molecular weight uremic toxin. Lack of β2M removal leads to β2M accumulation and amyloidosis in hemodialysis patients. The present research aims to determine the relationship between β2M and inflammatory factors, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in hemodialysis patie...

ABM508 is a recombinant fusion protein consisting of the N-terminal 485 amino acids of diphtheria toxin joined to alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. When expressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the tox promoter and signal sequence, ABM508 is severely degraded. When overexpressed from a thermoinducible lambda pR promoter fusion, ABM508 is largely insoluble. We compared the expressi...

association of cluster headache and secondary blepharospasm bagheri a, md*; mohammadi m, md; khosravi fard k, md; harooni g, md ophthalmic research center, shahid beheshti university of medical sciences, tehran, iran * corresponding author: [email protected] purpose: to report a case of cluster headache associated with secondary blepharospasm and its management. case report: a 37-year-old ...