This paper examines the empirical relationship between trade and total factor productivity (TFP) in South Africa. Using data on actual trade protection across different manufacturing sectors, it is shown that trade liberalization had a positive impact on TFP growth during the 1990s. In addition, time-series evidence on macro data supports a positive long-run relationship between TFP and opennes...

In privacy-preserving controller design, there is usually a trade-off between the privacy level and control performances, we show in this paper that particular determines lower bound on differential of closed-loop system. The task consider reference tracking plug-and-play setting, plant under networked system modules, each which has no access to models others. For module, first identify whole s...

Trade treaties have introduced the principle that similar risks should be treated similarly, and that countries must achieve internal consistency in the levels of protection they afford against certain hazards within their territories. The problem is that there is no agreement on when risks are “similar” or when levels of protection are “consistent.” The danger is that in resolving these issues...

The pursuit of sustainable development requires balancing the objectives of FDI, Trade, economic growth and environmental protection. Achieving a balance between these often-conflicting priorities is difficult enough at the national level, where competing interests are at least grounded in a common environmental, social and economic context. At the international level, where different countries...