It is especially appropriate to address in this publication questions concerning the complex relationship between religious traditions and intellectual life. Too often such traditions are still viewed as providing fixed and final answers to questions whose force and meaning do not depend on these traditions. This overvalues traditions in one respect and undervalues them in another. As a set of ...

We compare and contrast the perceptions of the institutional environment for entrepreneurship among university students in four transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Hungary, Latvia, and Russia, using a survey instrument developed by Busenitz et al. (2000) for industrialized countries and validated in the context of emerging markets by Manolova et al. (2008). Our results...

When does culture persist and when does it change? We examine a determinant of extent of cultural persistence that has been put forth in the evolutionary anthropology literature: the stability of the environment. A prediction, which is standard in a variety micro-founded models, is that valuing tradition and placing greater importance on maintaining the customs of the previous generation is rel...

the extent of “benefits”, as the subject of khums, is one of the controversial discourses among the imāmī jurists, which is of great importance because of its applicability. the “acquired benefits” and “benefits in general” are the two significant views in the discourses concerning khums. in this research, the evidences for any of these two views are critically reviewed. for the first view, two...

the objective of this research was to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation on physiological and agronomic terms of eggplant to maximize the water use efficiency (wue) without affecting the final yield and fruit quality parameters under arid environment. therefore, two field experiments were conducted at two different sites: ghor al-safi, jordan valley and sail al-karak, karak valley, ka...

Virtual geographic environments (VGE) are environments pertaining to the relationship between post-humans and 3-D virtual worlds. Post-humans are defined as a combination of humans in the real world with 3-D avatars in 3-D virtual worlds. VGE can be a platform for the public participation in spatial data analyses, in model computation and simulation, and in environmental planning and decision m...

The WMA is a federation of National Medical Associations (NMA) representing over 8 million physicians in >85 countries around the world. It was founded in 1947 with the mission to “serve humanity by endeavoring to achieve the highest international standards in medical education, medical science, medical care, and medical ethics, and health care for all the people of the world”. Despite the enor...