These articles discuss Earth's many dynamic processes and their interactions.

Graphene-based electrodes have recently gained popularity due to their superior electrochemical properties. However, the exact mechanisms of electrochemical activity are not yet understood. Here, we present data from NADH oxidation and ferri/ferrocyanide redox probe experiments to demonstrate that both (i) the porosity of the graphene electrodes, as effected by the packing morphology, and (ii) ...

Ubiquitous computing applications or widespread robots interactions execute in unforeseen environments and need to adapt to changeful available services, user needs, and variations of the environment. Context-awareness ability addresses such a need, enabling, through adaptation rules, applications to react to the perceived dynamic variations. Responses to adaptation have to be quick enough to m...

A continuous car ferry line crossing the Saguenay Fjord mouth and traffic from the local whale-watching fleet introduce high levels of shipping noise in the heart of the Saguenay-St. Lawrence Marine Park. To characterize this noise and examine its potential impact on belugas, a 4-hydrophone array was deployed in the area and continuously recorded for five weeks in May-June 2009. The source leve...

Indonesia is a large country that widespread with it’s islands and isa traversed by the Equator, so sea transportation has animportant role to play in connecting one area another, consideringthat very wide ocean. One of means seatransportation widely used community ferry. Ferryis type can be as passenger andgoods using certain routes or routes. With theexistence Ferry port, it increase accelera...

It is proposed to install a hybrid fuel cell electric propulsion system on a domestic ferry. The fuel cell hybrid system is compared with the existing diesel propulsion system for this ferry using a developed time-domain threedegree of freedom ship simulator implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. Performance comparison of the two systems is made in terms of first cost, fuel cost, syste...

We present an integer programming model for the ferry scheduling problem, improving existing models in various ways. In particular, our model has reduced size in terms of the number of variables and constraints compared to existing models by a factor of approximately O(n), where n being the number of ports. The model also handles efficiently load/unload time constraints, crew scheduling and pas...