Alpine ecosystems are under increasing pressure due to tourism and recreational activities. When leaving designated trails as is frequently observed, visitors can cause unintentional damage vegetation. This study investigated the effect of human trampling on dominant species vascular plants, bryophytes lichens along an infrequently used hiking trail in alpine ecosystem sub-arctic Sweden. The hy...

Robotic solutions and technological advances for turf management demonstrated excellent results in terms of quality, energy, time consumption. Two battery-powered autonomous mowers (2 WD 4 WD) with random patterns were evaluated according to different trampling levels (control, low, medium, high) on a typical warm season turfgrass at the DAFE, University Pisa, Italy. Data percentage area mowed,...

Minimal-impact interpretation is widely used to reduce the ecological impacts of visitors to protected areas. We tested whether verbal appeals and/or role-model demonstrations of minimal-impact behavior by a trained guide reduced noise, litter, and trampling impacts on hiking trails in a subtropical rainforest. Interpretation did reduce impacts significantly. Different interpretive techniques w...

Moose and reindeer occur in large populations in the Fennoscandian boreal forests, and also roe deer occurs in dense populations in Sweden and Norway. These large herbivores affect the structure and function of the forest ecosystems. During periods of high densities discussions arise about the impact of these herbivores on e.g. economic forest trees and preservation of biodiversity. The aim of ...