We suggest a novel two-step proofreading mechanism with two sequential rounds of proofreading selection in mRNA transcription. It is based on the previous experimental observations that the proofreading RNA polymerase cleaves off transcript fragments of at least 2 nt and that transcript elongation after a nucleotide misincorporation is anomalously slow. Taking these results into account, we ext...

Background: MicroRNAs are a class of small (~22nt) endogenous RNAs that regulate target transcript expression post-transcriptionally. Previous studies characterized age-related changes in diurnal but it is not understood how these regulated, and whether they may be attributed part to microRNA or activity with age. Diurnal RNA age were previously studied.<ns3:...

objective: patients over 60 years of age have higher mortality and morbidity after major liver resections. nitric oxide (no) derived from the catalytic activity of nos2 plays a beneficial role in liver regeneration (lr) after partial hepatectomy (ph). in this experiment, we evaluated the effect of nos2 knockout (ko) on lr in aged mice after ph. materials and methods: in this cohort study, 52 tw...

Abstract Background tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are 14–40-nucleotide-long, small non-coding RNAs derived from specific tRNA cleavage events with key regulatory functions in many biological processes. Many studies have shown that tRFs associated Argonaute (AGO) complexes and inhibit gene expression the same manner as miRNAs. However, there currently no tools for accurately predicting tRF targe...

MOTIVATION The RNA-seq paired-end read (PER) protocol samples transcript fragments longer than the sequencing capability of today's technology by sequencing just the two ends of each fragment. Deep sampling of the transcriptome using the PER protocol presents the opportunity to reconstruct the unsequenced portion of each transcript fragment using end reads from overlapping PERs, guided by the e...

Resurrection plants are a unique group of flora showing an extraordinary ability to survive extreme water shortages. Among them, the Bulgarian endemic plant Haberlea rhodopensis Friv. has been used as model study mechanisms underlying desiccation tolerance induced by and low temperature stress. Although extensive transcriptome data, including two RNAseq experiments, available for drought recove...