objective(s):the objective of this study was to find a stable microemulsion vehicle for transdermal delivery of ibuprofen to improve the skin permeability. materials and methods: microemulsion was prepared using different sorts of oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the microemulsion domain. the effects of oleic acid and surfactant mixture o...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the transdermal permeation of alniditan by electroporation and to compare with iontophoretic delivery. The influence of the electrical parameters of electroporation was investigated in vitro using a factorial design study. The transdermal flux of alniditan was enhanced by two orders of magnitude by application of high voltage electrical pulses. The electric...

Transdermal drug delivery is a validated technology contributing significantly to global pharmaceutical care. Since 1980, impressive growth in this field has been observed with many commercial successes; importantly, a new chemical entity was recently developed and approved for transdermal administration without having first been given as an injectable or oral dosage form. The progress achieved...

Overview For thousands of years, human civilizations have applied substances to the skin as cosmetic and medicinal agents.(Prausnitz 2008) However, it was not until the twentieth century that the skin came to be used as a drug delivery route. In fact, Merriam Webster dates the word “transdermal” to 1944(Merriam-Webster 2011) highlighting that it is a relatively recent concept in medical and pha...

Male hypogonadism has been treated with exogenous testosterone since the 1930s. The early transdermal patches of testosterone became available in the 1980s with gel and solution preparations following subsequent decades. This review focusses on the skin permeation characteristics of testosterone, pharmacokinetics following application of transdermal formulations and formulations currently avail...

Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) is one of the systems lying under the category of controlled drug delivery, in which the aim is to deliver the drug through skin in a predetermined and controlled rate. Hypertension is one of the common disorder for the mankind. It is not a disease in itself, but is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The present article d...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of hollow microneedles for enhancing the transdermal delivery of Bovine Serum Albumin (MW~66,000 Da)-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (BSA-FITC) conjugate, a hydrophilic large molecular compound. Moreover, the effect of different formulations was evaluated. The series of binary mixtures composed of propylene glycol (PG) and pH 7.4 phosp...

BACKGROUND Microneedle-mediated drug delivery is a promising method for transdermal delivery of insulin, incretin mimetics, and other protein-based pharmacologic agents for treatment of diabetes mellitus. One factor that has limited clinical application of conventional microneedle technology is the poor fracture behavior of microneedles that are created using conventional materials and methods....

Background: Due to its minimal systematic adverse effects, transdermal estrogen is widely used for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.The present meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of transdermal estrogen on bone mineral density (BMD) of postmenopausal women.Methods: Studies were identified by searching electronic databases including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase...

A reservoir type transdermal patch for delivery of ketorolac, a potent analgesic agent was studied. The low permeability of skin is the rate-limiting step for delivery of most of the drugs. Studies were carried out to investigate the effect of permeation enhancers on the in vitro permeation of ketorolac across rat skin. The reservoir type transdermal patch was fabricated and the core was filled...