internal turn-turn faults (ttf) are the most common failures in power transformers, which could seriously reduce their life expectancy. although common protection schemes such as current-baseddifferential protection are able to detect some of the internal faults, some other minor ones (such as ttfs andshort circuit near the neutral point) cannot be detected by such schemes. likewise, these rela...

For several decades, the power system protection relay has experienced many important changes, from purely electromechanical type to the mixture of electronic and electromechanical type, then to fully static, and now fully numerical relays based on microprocessors. In the transformer protection area, similar changes can be seen. It is a dream for protection engineers to have a system that not o...

Abstract The conventional differential relay has been used to detect the internal faults within the transformer. But, in field certain mal-functioning of differential relay has been reported which results in unnecessary tripping of differential relay. This leads to the need for development of improved classifier technique. But, for that all possible operating conditions of transformer has to be...

Differential protection normally detects short circuits and ground faults in the windings of a power transformer its terminals. Inter-turn refer to flashovers among electrodes that arise only similar type physical winding. can be examined when adequate sum turns is served as short-circuited. In electrical protection, it difficult detect inter-turn faults. An fault small magnitude based on limit...

The development of power electrical systems causes attention to accuracy of protection elements and measurement values. So we need some new measuring devices with high accuracy for power transmission lines. One of these devices is Optical Current Transformer (OCT). Optical current transformers are suitable for power system protection and can replace the magnetic current transformers. In this pa...