The coexistence of numerous tree species in tropical forests is commonly explained by negative dependence of recruitment on the conspecific seed and tree density due to specialist natural enemies that attack seeds and seedlings ('Janzen-Connell' effects). Less known is whether guilds of shared seed predators can induce a negative dependence of recruitment on the density of different species of ...

Introduced species pose a major threat to biodiversity across the globe. Understanding the impact of introduced species is critical for effective management. Many species around the world are reliant on tree cavities, and competition for these resources can be intense: threatening the survival of native species. Through the establishment of 225 nest boxes, we examined the relationship between t...

conditional monitoring is prerequisite to prevent severe damage or falling down the trees. problems such as trunk decays, reduces trees resistance against wind and floods. in this study, a mathematical modeling technique is being selected to determine the trees strength against such events. finally, an applicable model for safety factor was created by having numeral (dimensions of crown and tru...

We propose a weighted-density connected dominating set (wDCDS) based data gathering algorithm for wireless sensor networks. The wDCDS is constructed using the weighted-density of a sensor node, which is defined as the product of the number of neighbors available for the node and the fraction of the initially supplied energy available for the node. A data gathering tree (wDCDS-DG tree) rooted at...

Ongoing landscape transformation is one of the major causes behind disappearance of traditional landscapes, and lead to species and resource loss. Tree in paddy fields in the northeast of Thailand is one of those traditional landscapes. Using three different historical time layers, we acknowledged the severe deforestation and rapid urbanization happened in the region. Despite the general thinki...

This paper presents a Gaussian density tree structure usage which enables a computational cost reduction without a significant degradation of recognition performances, during a continuous speech recognition process. The Gaussian tree structure is built from successive Gaussian density merging. Each node of the tree is associated with a Gaussian density, and the actual HMM densities are associat...

Long-term observations inform relationships among changes in vegetation, climate, and land use. For the eastern United States, I compared timing of tree change, comprised density diversity increases, with climate as measured by change point detection Palmer Modified Drought Index (PMDI) that accounts for water balance, two prairie ecological provinces, four grassland landscapes, forest landscap...

Successful development of an appropriate tree breeding strategy and wood utilization requires information on wood properties. This study was therefore conducted to assess wood density and mechanical properties of Pinus kesiya Royle ex Gordon grown in Malawi. Wood samples from six families of P. kesiya at the age of 30 years were used for the study. The estimated mean wood density, Modulus of El...