Collection of appropriate qualitative and quantitative data is necessary for proper management and planning. Used the suitable inventory methods is necessary and accuracy of sampling methods dependent the inventory net and number of sample point. Nearest neighbor sampling method is a one of distance methods and calculated by three equations (Byth and Riple, 1980; Cotam and Curtis, 1956 and Cota...

BACKGROUND Traits of non-dominant mixed-forest tree species and their synergies for successful co-occurrence in monodominant Gilbertiodendron dewevrei forest have not yet been investigated. Here we compared the tree species diversity of the monodominant forest with its adjacent mixed forest and then determined which fitness proxies and life history traits of the mixed-forest tree species were m...

In the Ozark Mountains of northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, an oak decline event, coupled with epidemic populations of red oak borer (Enaphalodes rufulus Haldeman), has resulted in extensive red oak (Quercus spp., section Lobatae) mortality. Twenty-four northern red oak trees, Quercus rubra L., infested with red oak borer, were felled in the Ozark National Forest between March 2002 and J...

six catchment areas of fars, where belong to bioclimatic zone of deciduous temperate forests of palearctic realm, first were . surveyed, and mapped (scale:1: 100,000). then, after ecological and socio economic data analysis and integration, the ecosystem map (mapping unit) of the area was depicted (makhdoum 1992). the ecological capability of catchment areas for agriculture, range management, f...

evaluating the forest stands structure in different development stages is one of the ways for better understanding the forest dynamics and its response to natural disturbances. this study was carried out in the compartment 319, kheiroud forest in order to quantify the structure properties of mixed beech stands in the stem exclusion phase. for this purpose, three one-hectare sample plots were se...

Plant diversityis essential to maintain the health of planet's ecosystems. Conservation of biodiversity is necessary for the ecological stability and productivity in natural ecosystems. The aim of this research was to study the biodiversity and richness of plant species (including trees, shrubs and grasses) related to the environmental factors (soil and physiography) in the forests of Zagros, w...

We compared the density of snags, snags with cavities, and cavity-nesting bird use at two sites in northern California: Blacks Mountain Experimental Forest, a site with large trees and large snags because of protection from logging, contrasted with the Goosenest Adaptive Management Area, where a century of logging left this forest with few large trees and snags. Indeed, there was a threefold di...