Parasitic infections of rodents can compromise scientific research as well as the health of the animals and humans. Based on previous studies, infection rate of parasitic helminths is different in various regions of Iran. The current survey was aimed to determine endoparasitic helminths infection in 138 trapped rodents of Kermanshah county, Iran. Mice and rats were trapped using metal snares fr...

background : this study was aimed to collect wild rodents for endoparasites determination in some parts of sistan and baluchistan province, southeastern iran nearby pakistan and afghanistan countries. methods : a total of 100 wild rodents were captured alive with cage traps. various samples were collected from blood and feces, also impression smear prepared from different organs. the samples we...

Previous studies using cell transfers and antibody receptor knockout mice have shown that B cells and antibodies are not essential components of the expulsion mechanism in Trichuris muris infections. Serum transfer experiments have given mixed results regarding the importance of antibodies in this infection model, and the role of B cells in initiating or maintaining T-cell responses has not bee...

Chronic intestinal parasite infection is a major global health problem, but mechanisms that promote chronicity are poorly understood. Here we describe a novel cellular and molecular pathway involved in the development of chronic intestinal parasite infection. We show that, early during development of chronic infection with the murine intestinal parasite Trichuris muris, TGFβ signalling in CD4+ ...

In vivo manipulation of cytokine and/or cytokine receptor expression has previously shown that resistance to infection with the caecum-dwelling helminth Trichuris muris is dependent on interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 while susceptibility is associated with a T helper cell type 1 (Th1) cytokine response. Using gene-targeted mice deficient in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor signaling and anti-T...

BACKGROUND In countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis there is high coincident of helminth infections that might worsen disease outcome. While Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) gives rise to a pro-inflammatory Th1 response, a Th2 response is typical of helminth infections. A strong Th2 response has been associated with decreased protection against tuberculosis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We i...

Production of neutralizing anti-IL-9 antibodies was induced in mice by immunization with mouse IL-9 coupled to ovalbumin. In the six mouse strains tested, a strong and long-lasting anti-IL-9 response developed with seric inhibitory titers of 10(-3) to 10(-5), as measured in an in vitro IL-9-dependent cell proliferation assay. In vivo, this immunization completely abrogated the increase in mast-...

Extracts of plants, such as papaya, pineapple and fig, are known to be effective at killing intestinal nematodes that inhabit anterior sites in the small intestine, such as Heligmosomoides polygyrus. In this paper, we demonstrate that similar in vitro efficacy also occurs against a rodent nematode of the large intestine, Trichuris muris, and confirm that the cysteine proteinases present in the ...

Although initial reports linked the costimulatory molecule ICOS preferentially with the development of Th2 cells, there is evidence that it is not required for protective type 2 immunity to helminths and that it contributes to Th1 and Th2 responses to other parasites. To address the role of ICOS in the development of infection-induced polarized Th cells, ICOS(-/-) mice were infected with Trichu...