While the existence of the trough effect is unquestioned, its theoretical significance is unknown. A multifaceted instrumental approach - spectrographic, cineradiographic, and vocal tract modeling - was used to document the trough effect in open (V.CV) and closed (VC.V) syllable forms using a symmetrical vowel context surrounding labial stops. Collectively, the results document the trough pheno...

Near-trench slip during large megathrust earthquakes (megaquakes) is an important factor in the generation of destructive tsunamis. We proposed a new approach to assessing the near-trench slip potential quantitatively by integrating laboratory-derived properties of fault materials and simulations of fault weakening and rupture propagation. Although the permeability of the sandy Nankai Trough ma...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of empiric vancomycin dosing regimens on attainment of optimal target trough concentrations in obese (body mass index [BMI] 30-40 kg/m(2) ) and extremely obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m(2) ) patients. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. DATA SOURCE National Veterans Affairs standardized databases. PATIENTS A total of 263 obese and 71 extremely obese (actual body...

BACKGROUND Serum infliximab trough levels correlate with efficacy; dose escalation is often beneficial in patients with Crohn's disease who stop responding to infliximab treatment. OBJECTIVE To carry out a post hoc analysis of A Crohn's Disease Clinical Trial Evaluating Infliximab in a New Long-term Treatment Regimen I (ACCENT I) to evaluate the association between serum infliximab trough lev...

BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVIDs) are the most common forms of symptomatic primary antibody failure in adults and children. Replacement immunoglobulin is the standard treatment, although there are few consistent data on optimal dosages and target trough IgG levels required for infection prevention. OBJECTIVE To provide data to support the hypothesis that each patie...

BACKGROUND To evaluate the short-term reproducibility of diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) measurements in normal volunteers, untreated normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHODS Fifty-four healthy volunteers (control group), 67 NTG patients and 54 POAG patients were recruited. The IOPs of both eyes were measured...

OBJECTIVES Clinical data are lacking on optimal levels of specific antipneumococcal antibodies (PnPsAbs) in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) replacement. Objectives were to conduct a prospective multicenter study providing data on total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and peak/trough levels of PnPsAbs specifically targeting the 16 most prevalent pn...

We introduce a novel mechanism to attain differential privacy. Contrary to the common mechanism based on the addition of a noise whose magnitude is proportional to the sensitivity of the query function, our proposal is based on the refinement of the user’s prior knowledge about the response. We show that our mechanism has several advantages over noise addition: it does not require complex compu...

The objective of this study is to understand how interactions with upper-tropospheric troughs affect the intensity of tropical cyclones. The study includes all named Atlantic tropical cyclones between 1985 and 1996. To minimize other factors affecting intensity change, times when storms are over subcritical sea surface temperatures (#268C) or near landfall are removed from the sample. A trough ...

Acridine orange decreases the amplitude of the 295-nm circular dichroism (CD) trough of ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) where the trough has been related to coil character. Since acridine orange is known from earlier work to intercalate between base pairs of nucleic acids, causing an unwinding of the coil, and our studies show a decrease in the 295-nm CD trough, it appears that CD measurement...