The tunneling magnetoresistance sTMRd of thin dielectric tunnel barriers that are sandwiched between pairs of ferromagnetic metal thin films is highly sensitive to the barrier layer atomic scale thickness, the uniformity in thickness, and the composition. Widely used AlOx barriers are formed by the oxidation of 1–2 nm thick aluminum layers vapor deposited onto one of the ferromagnetic metal ele...

The ability to detect light over a broad spectral range is central to several technological applications in imaging, sensing, spectroscopy and communication. Graphene is a promising candidate material for ultra-broadband photodetectors, as its absorption spectrum covers the entire ultraviolet to far-infrared range. However, the responsivity of graphene-based photodetectors has so far been limit...

to enhance the understanding of the impact of obstacle buildings on pollution transportationand dispersion in the atmospheric boundary layer, it is necessary to know the atmospheric flow characteristics over terrains. wind flow characteristics in a boundary layer over a step-shaped cliff topography model with rough and smooth surfaces were studied numerically using computational fluid dynamics ...

– Wind tunnel is a device, by artificially producing airflow relative to a stationary body that measures aerodynamic force and pressure distribution to simulate with actual conditions. Wind Tunnels offer a rapid, economical, and accurate means for aerodynamic research. The most important aspect of wind tunnels is their ability to accurate recreate the full complexity of full fluid flow. In the ...

Abstract—This paper presents the design parameters for a thin film 3J InGaP/GaAs/Ge solar cell with a simulated maximum efficiency of 32.11% using Tcad Silvaco. Design parameters include the doping concentration, molar fraction, layers’ thickness and tunnel junction characteristics. An initial dual junction InGaP/GaAs model of a previous published heterojunction cell was simulated in Tcad Silva...

Freshwater biofilms are currently being studied to determine their effect on the capacity of hydroelectric power scheme canals and the structure of their turbulent wall layers. Mean velocity boundary layer profiles and total drag measurements have been conducted in a purpose built recirculating water tunnel on freshwater biofilms grown in a hydroelectric canal. Two different fouled surfaces wer...

Wavefront measurements of a turbulent boundary layer were performed at the University of Notre Dame. Optical access windows to the tunnel were instrumented with 16 accelerometers to measure the tunnel-induced vibrations in the optical windows. A combination of spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) and Linear Stochastic Estimation (LSE) were used to remove vibration induced effects in t...