This study investigates F0 declination as a global-level prosodic phenomenon, establishing a new discourse-based model of prosodic structure in Japanese. The model includes two levels of declination in a hierarchical order: utterance units and prosodic paragraphs, a higher level of declination consisting of embedded declinations. Comparing and contrasting three types of discourse -read speech, ...

Adaptive clinical trials are an innovative trial design aimed at reducing resources, decreasing time to completion and number of patients exposed to inferior interventions, and improving the likelihood of detecting treatment effects. The last decade has seen an increasing use of adaptive designs, particularly in drug development. They frequently differ importantly from conventional clinical tri...

In law, physics, business, and so on, there are lots of documents. The organisation of these documents is essential. The right way to organise the documents reveals quite a lot from the information contents of the document. It is common that text documents are characterised and classified by keywords. The authors usually define these keywords. Nowadays there exists a tremendous amount of unchar...

Abstract The associations among readers’ cognitive skills (general ability, reading skills, and attentional functioning), task demands (easy versus difficult questions), process measures (total fixation time on relevant irrelevant paragraphs) was investigated to explain task-oriented accuracy efficiency (number of scores in a given unit). Structural equation modeling applied large dataset colle...