The N-arylindole subunit is an important species in many biologically active and pharmaceutically important compounds, which display antiestrogen [1], analgesic [2], antiallergy [3], antimicrobial [4], and neuroleptic activity [5]. Although the traditional coppercatalyzed coupling of an aryl halide with a heteroatombased nucleophile, the Ullmann-type coupling reaction, has remained a standard m...

The preparation of two meso-imidazolylporphyrins was achieved in good yield by Ullmann coupling between a meso-bromotriarylporphyrin and imidazoles. Subsequent alkylation afforded the corresponding imidazolium functionalized porphyrins as direct precursors of the carbene. The complexation of these azolium salts with palladium led to trans-anti bis-porphyrin carbenic complexes.

14 not able to look for graph isomorphisms. The Ullmann algorithm is quick and simple, but only suitable for nonattributed graphs. In the future, graph matching algorithms could be developed using parallel computing. Applications of neural networks and VLSI implementation techniques can also open new chances.

In the search for new ligands for the Ullmann diaryl ether synthesis, permitting the coupling of electron-rich aryl bromides at relatively low temperatures, 56 structurally diverse multidentate ligands were screened in a model system that uses copper iodide in acetonitrile with potassium phosphate as the base. The ligands differed largely in their performance, but no privileged structural class...

In an attempt to mimic the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-Z-stilbene moiety of combretastatin A-4, a series of N-aryl-5,6,7-trimethoxyindoles were synthesized via copper-catalyzed Ullmann-type N-arylation through the corresponding 5,6,7-trimethoxyindole and aryl halides. These synthesized compounds demonstrated potent antiproliferative activity providing a novel skeleton for potent tubulin polymerizati...

A convenient and efficient flow method for Ullmann condensations, Sonogashira couplings, and decarboxylation reactions using a commercially available copper tube flow reactor (CTFR) is described. The heated CTFR effects these transformations without added metals (e.g., Pd), ligands, or reagents, and in greater than 90% yield in most cases examined.