The current issue of JOVR includes an article entitled “Is Noncycloplegic Photorefraction Applicable for Screening Refractive Amblyopia risk Factors?”.1 This is a well-constructed study comparing noncycloplegic photorefraction uti l izing the plusoptiX SO4 screener to cycloplegic autorefraction (or cycloplegic retinoscopy in those few children in whom cycloplegic autorefraction could not be per...

Background: Refractive error is defined as a status of refraction. They happen when the shape your eye keeps light from focusing correctly on retina (a light-sensitive layer tissue in back eye). errors are most common type vision problem but many don’t know that they could be seeing well.Methods: This study was cross sectional hospital-based 197 children carried out ophthalmology department Era...

Error processing in corrected and uncorrected errors was studied while participants responded to a target surrounded by flankers. Error-related negativity (ERN/NE) was stronger and appeared earlier in corrected errors than in uncorrected errors. ERN neural sources for each error type were analyzed using low-resolution electromagnetic tomography method of source localization. For corrected error...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of the refractive errors in the elderly population of Sari, Iran Methods: In this study, after selecting the participants through random cluster sampling, they all received ocular examinations including visual acuity (VA) measurement, refraction, fundoscopy and tonometry. After measuring uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), non-cycloplegic refraction was perfor...

BACKGROUND To assess the prevalence of visual impairment and rate of wearing spectacles in schools for children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China. METHODS Children from grade 1 to 5 in schools for children of migrant workers were randomly chosen for ocular examinations. All children were screened for uncorrected visual acuity and presenting visual acuity. After screening, the children who...

PURPOSE To investigate mean ocular refraction (MOR) and astigmatism, over the human age range and compare severity of refractive error to earlier studies from clinical populations having large age ranges. METHODS For this descriptive study patient age, refractive error and history of surgery affecting refraction were abstracted from the Waterloo Eye Study database (WatES). Average MOR, standa...

Background: Cataract refractive errors are caused by cataracts. It can go up to several dioptres (D). Correction of expected during cataract surgery altering the axial length measurement. Determine effect posterior sub-capsular cataracts on eye's status. Methods: 112 patients with participated in study. The most common error found PSC was astigmatism, followed myopia. study conducted at Angel E...

BACKGROUND To report the clinical outcomes of correcting pseudophakic ametropia using toric implantable collamer lens with a 360 um central hole (TICL V4c). CASE PRESENTATION The right eye of a 22-year-old male patient developed high myopia after unilateral phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation following traumatic cataract 16 years ago. The manifest refraction was -11.50...

PURPOSE To assess the long-term refractive outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy in myopia and myopic astigmatism. METHODS A retrospective study of 120 photorefractive keratectomy operated eyes with at least four-year follow-up (maximum of 96 months, mean follow-up 55 months). We divided patients into group 1 (G1) spherical equivalent (SE) up to -4.00 diopters (D) and group 2 (G2) SE >-4.00...