This paper studies the issue of tax evasion in the context of the underground economy. A dynamic general equilibrium model is built where individual households and entrepreneurs decide rationally whether to go underground and under-report their earnings. These behaviors affect tax revenues, which are used to finance productive public services. This model is applied to the Czech Republic, becaus...

underground economy affects important indexes such as formal gdp, unemployment, consumption, production and etc. therefore it is necessary to identify elements and factors which affect underground economy to restrict it. surveys and studies indicate the size of iran’s underground economy is high and taxes, quantity and quality of regulations and performance of formal economy are the important f...

The foundation framework for underground spatial data aims to establish the platform for the underground spatial data sharing and integrating. The reasons lie in that: a) the long-term development of city construction has accumulated abundant underground spatial data and information; b) the development and utilization of city underground space demands for clear, detailed and visualized comprehe...

The life of the 5th Duke Portland is a story about mental obsession to find haven absolute stillness, worry-free place, and somewhere feel safe (Pl L1/2/8/3/13: Four letters Fanny Kemble, 1842–1845. In these letters, refers subsoil as “shelter” “only place”, found in Manuscripts Special Collections, Archives Nottingham University). Perhaps it there, space that unfolded away from visible world, ...

Rock failure is the root cause of geological disasters such as slope failure, civil tunnel collapse, and water inrush in roadways mines. Accurate effective monitoring loaded rock process can provide reliable precursor information for inrushes underground engineering structures mines, tunnels, subways. The may affect safe efficient execution these structures. Therefore, it essential to predict e...

Application to three real scenarios: an underground station, an offshore accommodation module and a building under construction Prepared by Health and Safety Laboratory for the Health and Safety Executive 2004 RI, TD and OD HSE divisions have jointly commissioned HSL to investigate the capabilities and limitations of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to predict the transport of smoke in comple...