Location algorithm based on fingerprint has been applied to underground tunnel of coal mines. However, obvious and unignorable errors will occur if reference locations are selected sparsely when detecting unknown points, which may make it difficult for locating people in coal mines. Hence, an underground location algorithm based on convex sets of Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) is pr...

In order to overcome urban space constraints, underground road systems are becoming popular options for cities. Existing literature suggests that accident rates in road tunnels are lower than those in open roads. However, there is a lack of understanding in how the road tunnel environment affects inter-vehicle interactions. In this study, car following data are obtained from traffic video foota...

This paper deals with MIMO channel modeling according to the correlation level in underground railway tunnels for various antenna configurations for the transmitting and receiving arrays. MIMO channel matrices have been computed with a 3D ray-tracing based software at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz in two different tunnel environments: 1) a 1-track empty tunnel with a square cross section, 2) a 1-track tu...

This paper deals with MIMO channel modeling according to the correlation level in underground railway tunnels for various antenna configurations for the transmitting and receiving arrays. MIMO channel matrices have been computed with a 3D ray-tracing based software at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz in two different tunnel environments: 1) a 1-track empty tunnel with a square cross section, 2) a 1-track tu...

At present tunnels tend to be analyzed on the basis of 2D finite element computations , because 3D analyses are considered to be extremely time consuming. As a result, 3D analyses are presently the domain of researchers. Consulting engineers will only perform 3DFEM analyses when facing complex geometries, e.g. tunnel joints or connections to underground stations, but not for straight-ahead tunn...

A problem is defined to be exactly solvable if its solution can be obtained by solving a sequence of polynomials using radicals. Therefore, if a problem is not exactly solvable, then we have to use approximation schemes for solving the problem. It has been proved that the shortest network problem in space is not exactly solvable even if the network spans only four points and even if the topolog...

Maximising space in our urban towns and cities remains one of the great challenges of the future. As the need to protect existing green areas grows amid ever increasing demands for more homes and work places, mass transit systems and modern infrastructure, so new approaches must be found to better utilise space available. Improved use of underground space offers new and exciting opportunities f...

Elastic solutions applicable to single underground openings usually suffer from geometry related simplification. Most tunnel shapes possess two axes of symmetry while a wide range of geometries used in tunneling practice involve only one symmetry axis. D-shape or horse-shoe shape tunnels and others with arched roof and floor are examples of the later category (one symmetry axis). In the present...

Abstract Pyhäsalmi, in the Town of Pyhäjärvi, hosts one northernmost deep underground laboratories Europe, Callio Lab. Its origins are physics (Centre for Underground Physics CUPP), but gradually it has turned into a multi- and transdisciplinary research environment utilising both surface underground. Besides research, infrastructure is open business innovation under – Mine Business. The pre-in...

For disaster exploration and surveillance application, this paper aims to present a novel application of a multi-robot agent based on WSN and to evaluate a multihop communication caused by the robotics correspondingly, which are used in the uncertain and unknown subterranean tunnel. A Primary-Scout Multi-Robot System (PSMRS) was proposed. A chain topology in a subterranean environment was imple...